苏联法概念在中国(1949-1958)

Concept of Soviet Union Law in China (1949-1958)

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归属学者:

刘颖

作者:

刘颖

导师:

文正邦

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

跨语际;苏联法;法概念;认同;转换

摘要:

概念是人从蒙昧迈向理性的关键元素。历史沉淀于概念之中又凭借概念表述历史。对人类而言,认识世界、驯化自然到与之和谐共生,一个关键而古老的方法就是对事物下定义。通过下定义,克服恐惧和无知;通过下定义,暂时消解惊异与好奇;通过下定义,掌握规律并获得知性的超越。而关于法的概念和定义对于一个国家法学理论以及法律实践无疑有着十分重要的意义。据此,全文以苏联法概念为起点,着重分析、论述苏联法概念在中国的阶段性发展演绎历程以及带来的启示。全文通过对这一基于具体历史语境下的分析,剖析其中形成的认同、差异、转换及创造性解读等问题。这是一些既复杂且重要的问题。说其复杂,是因为这本身就是一个跨语际的研究。由于新中国的法律思想很大程度上肇始于翻译、改写、挪用以及其它与苏联相关的跨语际实践,所以不可避免的是,这种研究就不仅仅是一个单纯的翻译上的分析。广义来讲,这种跨语际的实践就是考察新的词语、意义、话语以及表述的模式,在继受方与传播方语言的接触、冲突过程中,在继受方语言中兴起、流通并获得合法性的过程。因此,当概念从传播方语言走向继受方语言时,意义与其说是发生了“改变”,不如说是在继受方语言的本土环境中发明创造出来的;说其重要,是因为苏联法理论、法概念从20世纪50年代开始到当下之中国,仍然对中国法理论、法概念发生着路径依赖意义上的影响,同时,苏联法概念经由时间的选择、汰变已然植入中国法律传统中并成为中国法律传统的一部分,由“他者”涅磐成了“本我”。鉴于此,我们不能回避它,更不能抹去它。全文正是基于以上的立场,选取了苏联法概念在中国1950年代这一段历史,来分析苏联法概念的中国“际遇”。并试图以此来说明,学术交流并不是单纯的学者之间的某种交往,它关乎一个时代的学术环境、政治影响、社会变迁等一系列复杂的深层次问题。全文除导论和结语,文章主体部分分为四章: 第一章,分析苏联法概念在本土的历史流变,即苏联法的演绎过程。文中将苏联法概念划分为以维辛斯基为标竿的前后相继的三个时期,侧重以历史为线索来考察。维辛斯基之前以库尔斯基、斯图契卡、莱斯涅尔和帕舒卡尼斯为代表,维辛斯基之后以杰尼索夫、卡列娃为代表,论述了其法理论、法概念之形成、发展和变化。同时,通过细密梳理、探知其法概念生成发展的具体原因。意欲通过三个时期的分析,来考察这些形形色色的法概念与维辛斯基的法概念的共相与差异,说明法概念的历时性与共时性的统一 第二章,分析论述新中国初期植入苏联法概念、法理论的必然性和途径。苏联法理论与法概念在中国本土的传播并不是畅通无阻的。其障碍不是来源于中国过去千百年来的封建法律思想,而恰恰是来自国民党留下的的旧法统和旧法观念。两种法统、法观念的较量无异于一场争夺。为此,必须立即以“打扫干净屋子再请客”的意识扫除这个巨大的思想障碍并以此宣示和宣判旧法统旧法观念的死亡。思想障碍的扫除、具体国情的类似、意识形态的趋同、世界局势的影响无不昭示了学习苏联的必然。对苏联法概念、法理论的学习也是由此必然性而展开的。文中具体描述和分析了学习苏联法概念、法理论的多个途径,并指出对苏联法概念的植入是多个途径合力的结果。 第三章是文章的重点。在此以概念的结构分析方法,探讨了苏联法概念在中国的阶段性历程。按照法理学教科书的通行模式,对定义法概念的方法论、本质元素、特征元素、经济元素、目的元素以及法的历史类型进行了细致清理。通过对构成各个元素的关键词进行历史语义学上的分析,来厘清中国在阐释苏联法概念的过程中,哪些元素的解析是对苏联原有解析的认同;哪些又在阐释中发生了转换和创造性解读。通过分析可以认为,关键词释义的变化最终导致了作为完整表述的法概念的转化与创造性解读。 第四章:对苏联法概念在中国的际遇进行反思。分别从法概念的共时性与历时性问题,法概念的误读问题,法概念在翻译过程中的可译性问题以及法概念的创造性解读问题来展开论述。进一步指出,每一种意义,每一种世界图像,都处在流动和变异之中,既不能逃脱差异的游戏,也无法拒绝时间的汰变。对于任何概念而言,流动、差异和汰变不仅是历史流转的表征,而且也是学术交流的必然效应。从概念层面指出百年学术交流的得与失。 结语:以法概念为元点,以“墙”作为隐喻,对中西学术交流进行反思并总结全文观点。

学科:

法学理论

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

刘颖. 苏联法概念在中国(1949-1958)[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 苏联法概念在中国(1949-1958)
  • dc.title
  • Concept of Soviet Union Law in China (1949-1958)
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 200703010009
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 刘颖
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 文正邦
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 跨语际;;苏联法;;法概念;;认同;;转换
  • dc.subject
  • cross-languages;;Soviet Union Law;;concept of law;;identification;;transformation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 概念是人从蒙昧迈向理性的关键元素。历史沉淀于概念之中又凭借概念表述历史。对人类而言,认识世界、驯化自然到与之和谐共生,一个关键而古老的方法就是对事物下定义。通过下定义,克服恐惧和无知;通过下定义,暂时消解惊异与好奇;通过下定义,掌握规律并获得知性的超越。而关于法的概念和定义对于一个国家法学理论以及法律实践无疑有着十分重要的意义。据此,全文以苏联法概念为起点,着重分析、论述苏联法概念在中国的阶段性发展演绎历程以及带来的启示。全文通过对这一基于具体历史语境下的分析,剖析其中形成的认同、差异、转换及创造性解读等问题。这是一些既复杂且重要的问题。说其复杂,是因为这本身就是一个跨语际的研究。由于新中国的法律思想很大程度上肇始于翻译、改写、挪用以及其它与苏联相关的跨语际实践,所以不可避免的是,这种研究就不仅仅是一个单纯的翻译上的分析。广义来讲,这种跨语际的实践就是考察新的词语、意义、话语以及表述的模式,在继受方与传播方语言的接触、冲突过程中,在继受方语言中兴起、流通并获得合法性的过程。因此,当概念从传播方语言走向继受方语言时,意义与其说是发生了“改变”,不如说是在继受方语言的本土环境中发明创造出来的;说其重要,是因为苏联法理论、法概念从20世纪50年代开始到当下之中国,仍然对中国法理论、法概念发生着路径依赖意义上的影响,同时,苏联法概念经由时间的选择、汰变已然植入中国法律传统中并成为中国法律传统的一部分,由“他者”涅磐成了“本我”。鉴于此,我们不能回避它,更不能抹去它。全文正是基于以上的立场,选取了苏联法概念在中国1950年代这一段历史,来分析苏联法概念的中国“际遇”。并试图以此来说明,学术交流并不是单纯的学者之间的某种交往,它关乎一个时代的学术环境、政治影响、社会变迁等一系列复杂的深层次问题。全文除导论和结语,文章主体部分分为四章: 第一章,分析苏联法概念在本土的历史流变,即苏联法的演绎过程。文中将苏联法概念划分为以维辛斯基为标竿的前后相继的三个时期,侧重以历史为线索来考察。维辛斯基之前以库尔斯基、斯图契卡、莱斯涅尔和帕舒卡尼斯为代表,维辛斯基之后以杰尼索夫、卡列娃为代表,论述了其法理论、法概念之形成、发展和变化。同时,通过细密梳理、探知其法概念生成发展的具体原因。意欲通过三个时期的分析,来考察这些形形色色的法概念与维辛斯基的法概念的共相与差异,说明法概念的历时性与共时性的统一 第二章,分析论述新中国初期植入苏联法概念、法理论的必然性和途径。苏联法理论与法概念在中国本土的传播并不是畅通无阻的。其障碍不是来源于中国过去千百年来的封建法律思想,而恰恰是来自国民党留下的的旧法统和旧法观念。两种法统、法观念的较量无异于一场争夺。为此,必须立即以“打扫干净屋子再请客”的意识扫除这个巨大的思想障碍并以此宣示和宣判旧法统旧法观念的死亡。思想障碍的扫除、具体国情的类似、意识形态的趋同、世界局势的影响无不昭示了学习苏联的必然。对苏联法概念、法理论的学习也是由此必然性而展开的。文中具体描述和分析了学习苏联法概念、法理论的多个途径,并指出对苏联法概念的植入是多个途径合力的结果。 第三章是文章的重点。在此以概念的结构分析方法,探讨了苏联法概念在中国的阶段性历程。按照法理学教科书的通行模式,对定义法概念的方法论、本质元素、特征元素、经济元素、目的元素以及法的历史类型进行了细致清理。通过对构成各个元素的关键词进行历史语义学上的分析,来厘清中国在阐释苏联法概念的过程中,哪些元素的解析是对苏联原有解析的认同;哪些又在阐释中发生了转换和创造性解读。通过分析可以认为,关键词释义的变化最终导致了作为完整表述的法概念的转化与创造性解读。 第四章:对苏联法概念在中国的际遇进行反思。分别从法概念的共时性与历时性问题,法概念的误读问题,法概念在翻译过程中的可译性问题以及法概念的创造性解读问题来展开论述。进一步指出,每一种意义,每一种世界图像,都处在流动和变异之中,既不能逃脱差异的游戏,也无法拒绝时间的汰变。对于任何概念而言,流动、差异和汰变不仅是历史流转的表征,而且也是学术交流的必然效应。从概念层面指出百年学术交流的得与失。 结语:以法概念为元点,以“墙”作为隐喻,对中西学术交流进行反思并总结全文观点。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The concept-making is the key-way that human-being scratched from obscuration to intelligence. And the mankind's history precipitated from the concept that depending upon it to develop the history. For the humans, there is a crucial and durable method is to make a definition of something that to acknowledge the world, to domesticate the nature and finally to living harmonically with it. Through the definition, the humans overcome the fears and ignorance, counteract the surprises and curiousness temporarily and grasp the rules or laws and surpassing of intelligence. Accordingly, this dissertation is rooted from the concept of Soviet Union Law, which is focus over the analysis and discourses about the development and the enlightenment of it in China. So this paper is based upon the particular history context to analyze and discover the following questions such as the identification, the variance, the transformation and the fresh interpretation. All of these are complicated and momentous puzzles. The complex aspect means that this study is a cross-linguistic issue owing to the legal thoughts in new China born from the translations, the re-editions and the transferences of the former Soviet Union's relative cross-languages practices and unavoidably this kind of research would not be a pure analysis of translations. Speaking broadly, this cross-languages practice is to exanimate the new words, meanings, contexts and expressing models in the process of contacts and conflicts about the languages sharing with the exporter and importer and the process of legality about the starting and populating in the importer's language. Therefore, as one concept transferred from the exporter to the importer, the meaning of it would be anew created embodied in the condition of local environment of importer rather than the "changes" of itself. And the important aspect means that the legal theory and the concept of law in Soviet Union still has the depending impact for the approaches to construct the legal theory and the concept of law in China since 50's in 20th century to nowadays. Meanwhile, the concept of Soviet Union Law had transplanted into the Chinese legal tradition and become as a part of it by the selection and elimination of times, which would be literally said as the Nirvana from "it" to "me". Considering all the facts, we could not escape form it or even obliterate it. The whole text just chooses this standpoint to select the fragment of 50's in last century about the concept of Soviet Union Law in China for the analysis over the "encounters" of this concept in China. And the author also intends to explain that the academic communication is not only the pure relations between the scholars but also serial intricate and deep questions concerning the academic environment, the political affections and the social transformation at an epoch. Furthermore, the main body of this paper is divided into four chapters except for the introduction and the conclusion: Chapter one is to analyze the historical transformations of Soviet Union Law in its motherland that is the developing way of Soviet Union Law. In this part, the Soviet Union Law is distinguished form three ages as the standard of Vyshinskii, which is focus on the overviews of historical clues. Before Vyshinskii, the representative figures are Kypcy(?), CTyp(?), Pa(?)p and (?); and the after ones are (?), K(?)a, which is discussing the shaping, the developing and the changes of their theories. At the same time, the author gives the prudential classification to uncover the detail reasons for the development of their concept of law. The task is to exam the various concepts of law and the common and different characteristics by the three ages'analysis to interpret that the unity of duration and eternity about the concept of law. Chapter two is to discuss the transplantation of Soviet Union Law at the early times in the Foundation of new China and the legal theories'necessity and paths. The propagation of the two issues in local China is not unimpeded where as the hindrances are not resourced from the feudal legal ideas for the lasting thousand years in China but the old legal regime and legal thought residue by KMT. So the competition of the two legal regime and thought would be a striking battle. And the principle of "cleaning the house first then waiting for the guests" could eliminates the great obstacle and declares that the death of the old ones. The cleanings of out-of-date ideas with the similar detail national circumstance and the similar ideology among the influences of global pattern clearly manifest that the learning form Soviet Union would be the necessary way and so did the learning of concept of law and legal theory from Soviet Union. As the paper said, the several ways of learning would be the result of cooperation by the transplantation of Soviet Union Law. Chapter three is the core of the whole text. The author analyses the certain development of the concept of Soviet Union law in China based on the structural analyzed method of concept. According to the universal model of Jurisprudence textbooks, the author gives the precise summary about the methodology, the essential elements, the character elements, the aimed elements and the historical types of definition of law. By the historical and semantic analysis of each element, it's aimed to find out the identified ones to the primary ones in the interpretation process of Soviet Union law or the transferred ones and created interpretation. As the discussion mentioned above, it would be considered that the changes of key words' interpretation finally triggered the transformation and created interpretation about the whole meaning in the concept of law. Chapter four is the pondering over the encounters of Soviet Union law in China. The author separately comments on the following issues such as the duration and eternity of concept of law, the misreading of the concept, the translating possibility in the translation and the created interpretation about the concept. Moreover, the author points out that every meaning or every world panorama is in the changes and deviances that they could not get out of the game of differences and also the elimination of times. As for any concepts, the changes and the deviances or eliminations are not only the symbol of historical moving but also the necessary effect of academic interchanges. At the end of this part, the advantageous and disadvantageous of the century's academic communication has been unfolded by the level of this concept. The conclusion is taken the concept of law as the principle and the "wall" as the metaphor to re-think the academic intercourses between the occidental and the oriental and the summary of the whole paper.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D90
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2010-03-01
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