知识产权与自由贸易研究

On Intellectual Property and Free Trade

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归属学者:

廖志刚

作者:

廖志刚

导师:

张玉敏

导师单位:

民商法学院(知识产权学院)

学位:

博士

语种:

中文

关键词:

知识产权;自由贸易;利益平衡;权利滥用;法律规制

摘要:

本文把知识产权与自由贸易作为切入点,结合利益平衡和反垄断法等原理,围绕知识产权与自由贸易的对立统一关系展开论述,力图解决理论研究以及立法和执法中存在的实际问题,使知识产权与自由贸易继续共生共存、取长补短、相互促进、协调发展。全文由七个部分组成,除引言之外,其余六个部分分别为:知识产权与自由贸易的关系;知识产权对自由贸易的非制度结构障碍及克服;知识产权司法制度对自由贸易的影响;贸易中的知识产权滥用行为;对贸易中知识产权滥用行为的法律规制;完善相关法律制度的构想。 第一章为知识产权与自由贸易的关系,包括三节:自由贸易;知识产权和自由贸易共生于市场;知识产权与自由贸易的目标协同性。在自由贸易演进的历史长河中,先后出现过“绝对优势理论”、“比较优势理论”、“要素察赋理论”和“新贸易理论”等学说。知识产权制度与自由贸易都旨在形成合理的贸易秩序,实现市场利益;在运行机制上,知识产权表现为具体制度性的社会结构,而贸易自由则是一种原则和抽象理念。知识产权是民事主体所享有的支配创造性智力成果、商业标志以及其他具有商业价值的信息并排斥他人干涉的权利。它首先是私有财产权,但同时也具备人权属性。知识产权保护具有正当性,但对其保护不能超越一定的限度,应努力平衡各种复杂的利益关系。可以说,在一定程度上,自由贸易主宰着知识产权发展的方向和未来。我们研究自由贸易就不能不关注知识产权在其中的作用;研究知识产权也不能不关注知识产权制度对于自由贸易的现实和潜在影响,以寻求能够促进自由贸易、公平贸易和社会公共福利的科学的知识产权制度。知识产权是实现自由贸易的手段,对自由贸易而言具有秩序价值;自由贸易对知识产权而言,是后者追求的目标和逻辑结果,知识产品的财产化就蕴含了进行交易的愿望。知识产权有一个发展的历史轨迹:从内到外,即伴随国内市场的成熟而产生,之后又伴随着国际市场的开拓而扩张,自由贸易使知识产权本身获得了新的增量。知识产权与自由贸易目标协同性主要表现为知识产权的扩张和国际化与自由贸易的拓展。在20世纪的最后四分之一个世纪里,知识产权在权利范围和权利保护对象上出现了一种尽管并不统一但是规模却相当大的扩张。自由贸易的拓展为知识产权权利结构本身提供了经济制度上的基础,当这一拓展达到跨国阶段时,自由贸易产生了知识产权立法国际化和一体化需求。 第二章探讨了知识产权对自由贸易的非制度结构障碍及克服。知识产权与自由贸易具有目标协同性。但它们之间的这种协同性并不意味着在具体的社会变迁过程中没有抵牾,甚至有时候可能在外观上产生技术私有化与经济效率悖论的错觉:对新智力成果的私有化过程有利于解决市场资源配置效率低下问题,但私有化所激活的资本市场调控机制同时也产生了垄断市场权力的所有弊端。这种矛盾是否能够解决?在某些特殊的情况下,市场对资源的配置可能失灵,这在知识产权领域就表现为对自由贸易的某种非制度结构性障碍。非制度结构性障碍,是指这种障碍并非制度的必然逻辑结构,是可以克服的。无论是知识产权权利的扩张,还是专利集中和专利标准化的趋势,其对自由贸易产生的潜在困难和威胁,如果用问题的形式表现出来,那么可以归结为“如何配置利益”。与有形物所产生的利益调节规则不同,知识产权的利用配置须在一定程度上强调公共利益。公共利益原则在权利扩张、权利集中领域的适用,是以知识产权非自愿性许可制度形式呈现的。就现行的具体制度而言,就是著作权法中的合理使用、法定许可使用和强制许可使用以及专利法中的强制许可制度。但这并不意味着对版权、专利权许可进行政策性干预就是阻碍了交易自由;恰恰相反,这种政策性干预目标很明确,是为了形成更大范围的自由贸易。此外,促进文化形成-民主政治和“天下”思维的补足,也是克服非制度结构性障碍的重要思路。国际层面的知识产权与自由贸易的协调促进,除了社会心理和制度理念的重构之外,还应当引入“政治对话”的具体措施。在知识产权所涉及的利益问题上,世界性制度的形成和利益的平衡在现实上尽管是遥远的,可他们又是当今世界的迫切需要。克服这一带有悖论性的难题,可以将解决的思路放在“对话”上,尤其是哈贝马斯所想象的满足了理想商谈条件的长期理性对话。 第三章论述了知识产权司法制度对自由贸易的影响。知识产权的法律肯认可以说是市场竞争和贸易在制度上的起点;赋予知识产品以专有权的法律形式,激励了创造者的创新热情,同时也成为市场主体参与竞争的利益刺激和制度保障。在这个意义上,波斯纳认为“市场与财产权携手并进。财产权为私人经济活动提供了基本激励,同时也是交易的起点,而资源则借助交易而转移到它们最有价值的用途上。”事实上,从贸易角度而言,这一论证似乎也证立了知识产权贸易以权利为起点。因为,信息自由的直接目标往往就是实现市场利益。自由贸易直接表现为市场主体的缔约自由和对最大利益实现的可能性。在商业贸易中保障知识产权权利人就知识产权的缔约自由和最大商业利益的实现可能性,是司法制度和行政执法制度的重要目标。一般而言,权利的缔约自由往往与利益最大化实现的预期是一致的,但在某些特殊情形下,缔约自由可能要服从于其他因素的考量。知识产权诉讼程序很明显不同于市场主体的交易行为,因此也不属于经济学的传统科目;但是,如果能够对经济学家研究市场的基本分析工具进行改造并加以发挥,按照波斯纳的理解,更宽泛地运用经济学将成为可能。因为经济学家有一个作为基本工具的假定,“即人们都是自己满足度的理性最大化者”。人们在贸易活动中以理性为支配实践着行为的自由;同样地,在出现非正常贸易的情形下,市场主体仍然可能在理性的指导下寻求制度上的救济,并努力获得与正常贸易状态下可期待的一样多的利益。本章就我国现行司法、行政、公共政策等方面对市场自由贸易的影响进行分析,力图在中国知识产权保护双规则的语境中勾勒信息产权制度与市场交易的互动关系及未来愿景。 第四章对贸易中的知识产权滥用行为进行了深入分析。知识产权滥用是民事权利滥用的一种,指的是权利人在行使知识产权时超出了法律所允许的范围或者正当的界限,不适当地扩张了垄断权的范围,或凭借合法垄断权进一步谋求非法垄断或优势竞争地位,从而导致权利的不正当利用,损害他人或社会公共利益的情形。本章分别剖析了知识产权领域滥用市场支配地位的行为、知识产权许可中的联合限制竞争行为、企业结合中的知识产权控制行为、滥用知识产权诉权等行为以及知识产权滥用行为产生的原因。英国知识产权委员会在其2002年知识产权报告中说,知识产权似乎已蜕变为发达国家在全球扩展其商业模式和争夺经济霸权的得力“帮凶”。一些跨国公司变本加厉,利用不断修改法律等手段,进一步扩展保护范围,提高保护程度。他们完全“异化”了制度,现在保护知识产权的根本目的不再是鼓励创新,而主要是保护这些巨头的商业模式。这就极大地阻碍了知识传播,影响了新技术扩散,制约了创新活动。禁止权利滥用,实现知识产权行使与保护知识产权发展之间的利益平衡,必须坚持利益平衡原则。坚持利益平衡原则,对权利人的权利、非权利人的利益以及社会公共利益都给予充分的考量和注意,在保护知识产权权利人的合法权益与维护非权利人合法利益及社会公共利益之间保持平衡。 第五章从规制知识产权滥用行为的法律体系入手,探讨了如何对贸易中滥用知识产权的行为进行法律规制。规制知识产权滥用的理论基础分别为知识产权滥用是对知识产权利益平衡原则的违反、对民法中权利不得滥用原则的违反和对贸易自由原则的违反。那么,对知识产权滥用的法律规制体系也分为三个部分,即知识产权自身的规制、民法基本原则的规制和竞争法的规制。内部限制即权利本身所包含的界限,意指权利本身包含义务,权利应为社会目的而行使;外部限制则旨在承认并保障权利不可侵犯性、权利行使自由的前提下,以公法的措施适当限制权利的不可侵犯性,以民法上的诚实信用原则、权利滥用之禁止原则及公序良俗原则限制权利行使的自由性。就知识产权滥用行为的内部规制而言,分别从专利法、著作权法和商标法的视角,探讨了如何对知识产权滥用行为进行规制。“民事活动是行使民事权利和履行民事义务以满足个人需要的活动,权利不得滥用原则的要旨,就是要求民事活动的当事人在行使权利及履行义务的过程中,实现个人利益与社会利益的平衡。”由于大量的知识产权滥用行为都构成了对竞争的限制,因而由竞争法对实质上限制了竞争的知识产权滥用行为进行规制是完全必要的。 第六章从“对知识产权法的修改与完善”、“完善我国知识产权领域反垄断立法的若干构想”以及“完善对滥用知识产权诉权的法律规制”三个方面提出了完善相关法律制度的构想。2008年12月27日,第十一届全国人大常委会第六次会议第四次全体会议表决通过了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改<中华人民共和国专利法>的决定》。至此,我国顺利完成了对专利法的第三次修订,使其更趋完善。这次修改的主要任务之一就是,加强专利权保护,维护公众权益,合理平衡公众与专利权人之间的利益关系,防止专利权滥用,如完善有关强制许可的规定,增加有关药品或医疗器械专利侵权例外的规定,增加现有技术抗辩的规定等。全国人民代表大会常务委员会于2007年8月30日正式通过了备受期待的《中华人民共和国反垄断法》,该法于2008年8月1日开始实施。真可谓“十年磨一剑”。反垄断立法固然重要,但建立能够保证反垄断法有效实施的执法体制更为重要。徒法不足以自行,反垄断法本身不能创造一个公正和自由的市场环境,而必须借助于一个独立、高效、权威的反垄断执法机构。

学科:

民商法学; 经济法学; 国际法学

提交日期:

2018-01-11

引用参考:

廖志刚. 知识产权与自由贸易研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可:

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 知识产权与自由贸易研究
  • dc.title
  • On Intellectual Property and Free Trade
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • B2003030105761
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 廖志刚
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 博士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学博士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张玉敏
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 知识产权;自由贸易;利益平衡;权利滥用;法律规制
  • dc.subject
  • Intellectual Property;Free Trade;Balance of Interests;Abuse of Rights
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 本文把知识产权与自由贸易作为切入点,结合利益平衡和反垄断法等原理,围绕知识产权与自由贸易的对立统一关系展开论述,力图解决理论研究以及立法和执法中存在的实际问题,使知识产权与自由贸易继续共生共存、取长补短、相互促进、协调发展。全文由七个部分组成,除引言之外,其余六个部分分别为:知识产权与自由贸易的关系;知识产权对自由贸易的非制度结构障碍及克服;知识产权司法制度对自由贸易的影响;贸易中的知识产权滥用行为;对贸易中知识产权滥用行为的法律规制;完善相关法律制度的构想。 第一章为知识产权与自由贸易的关系,包括三节:自由贸易;知识产权和自由贸易共生于市场;知识产权与自由贸易的目标协同性。在自由贸易演进的历史长河中,先后出现过“绝对优势理论”、“比较优势理论”、“要素察赋理论”和“新贸易理论”等学说。知识产权制度与自由贸易都旨在形成合理的贸易秩序,实现市场利益;在运行机制上,知识产权表现为具体制度性的社会结构,而贸易自由则是一种原则和抽象理念。知识产权是民事主体所享有的支配创造性智力成果、商业标志以及其他具有商业价值的信息并排斥他人干涉的权利。它首先是私有财产权,但同时也具备人权属性。知识产权保护具有正当性,但对其保护不能超越一定的限度,应努力平衡各种复杂的利益关系。可以说,在一定程度上,自由贸易主宰着知识产权发展的方向和未来。我们研究自由贸易就不能不关注知识产权在其中的作用;研究知识产权也不能不关注知识产权制度对于自由贸易的现实和潜在影响,以寻求能够促进自由贸易、公平贸易和社会公共福利的科学的知识产权制度。知识产权是实现自由贸易的手段,对自由贸易而言具有秩序价值;自由贸易对知识产权而言,是后者追求的目标和逻辑结果,知识产品的财产化就蕴含了进行交易的愿望。知识产权有一个发展的历史轨迹:从内到外,即伴随国内市场的成熟而产生,之后又伴随着国际市场的开拓而扩张,自由贸易使知识产权本身获得了新的增量。知识产权与自由贸易目标协同性主要表现为知识产权的扩张和国际化与自由贸易的拓展。在20世纪的最后四分之一个世纪里,知识产权在权利范围和权利保护对象上出现了一种尽管并不统一但是规模却相当大的扩张。自由贸易的拓展为知识产权权利结构本身提供了经济制度上的基础,当这一拓展达到跨国阶段时,自由贸易产生了知识产权立法国际化和一体化需求。 第二章探讨了知识产权对自由贸易的非制度结构障碍及克服。知识产权与自由贸易具有目标协同性。但它们之间的这种协同性并不意味着在具体的社会变迁过程中没有抵牾,甚至有时候可能在外观上产生技术私有化与经济效率悖论的错觉:对新智力成果的私有化过程有利于解决市场资源配置效率低下问题,但私有化所激活的资本市场调控机制同时也产生了垄断市场权力的所有弊端。这种矛盾是否能够解决?在某些特殊的情况下,市场对资源的配置可能失灵,这在知识产权领域就表现为对自由贸易的某种非制度结构性障碍。非制度结构性障碍,是指这种障碍并非制度的必然逻辑结构,是可以克服的。无论是知识产权权利的扩张,还是专利集中和专利标准化的趋势,其对自由贸易产生的潜在困难和威胁,如果用问题的形式表现出来,那么可以归结为“如何配置利益”。与有形物所产生的利益调节规则不同,知识产权的利用配置须在一定程度上强调公共利益。公共利益原则在权利扩张、权利集中领域的适用,是以知识产权非自愿性许可制度形式呈现的。就现行的具体制度而言,就是著作权法中的合理使用、法定许可使用和强制许可使用以及专利法中的强制许可制度。但这并不意味着对版权、专利权许可进行政策性干预就是阻碍了交易自由;恰恰相反,这种政策性干预目标很明确,是为了形成更大范围的自由贸易。此外,促进文化形成-民主政治和“天下”思维的补足,也是克服非制度结构性障碍的重要思路。国际层面的知识产权与自由贸易的协调促进,除了社会心理和制度理念的重构之外,还应当引入“政治对话”的具体措施。在知识产权所涉及的利益问题上,世界性制度的形成和利益的平衡在现实上尽管是遥远的,可他们又是当今世界的迫切需要。克服这一带有悖论性的难题,可以将解决的思路放在“对话”上,尤其是哈贝马斯所想象的满足了理想商谈条件的长期理性对话。 第三章论述了知识产权司法制度对自由贸易的影响。知识产权的法律肯认可以说是市场竞争和贸易在制度上的起点;赋予知识产品以专有权的法律形式,激励了创造者的创新热情,同时也成为市场主体参与竞争的利益刺激和制度保障。在这个意义上,波斯纳认为“市场与财产权携手并进。财产权为私人经济活动提供了基本激励,同时也是交易的起点,而资源则借助交易而转移到它们最有价值的用途上。”事实上,从贸易角度而言,这一论证似乎也证立了知识产权贸易以权利为起点。因为,信息自由的直接目标往往就是实现市场利益。自由贸易直接表现为市场主体的缔约自由和对最大利益实现的可能性。在商业贸易中保障知识产权权利人就知识产权的缔约自由和最大商业利益的实现可能性,是司法制度和行政执法制度的重要目标。一般而言,权利的缔约自由往往与利益最大化实现的预期是一致的,但在某些特殊情形下,缔约自由可能要服从于其他因素的考量。知识产权诉讼程序很明显不同于市场主体的交易行为,因此也不属于经济学的传统科目;但是,如果能够对经济学家研究市场的基本分析工具进行改造并加以发挥,按照波斯纳的理解,更宽泛地运用经济学将成为可能。因为经济学家有一个作为基本工具的假定,“即人们都是自己满足度的理性最大化者”。人们在贸易活动中以理性为支配实践着行为的自由;同样地,在出现非正常贸易的情形下,市场主体仍然可能在理性的指导下寻求制度上的救济,并努力获得与正常贸易状态下可期待的一样多的利益。本章就我国现行司法、行政、公共政策等方面对市场自由贸易的影响进行分析,力图在中国知识产权保护双规则的语境中勾勒信息产权制度与市场交易的互动关系及未来愿景。 第四章对贸易中的知识产权滥用行为进行了深入分析。知识产权滥用是民事权利滥用的一种,指的是权利人在行使知识产权时超出了法律所允许的范围或者正当的界限,不适当地扩张了垄断权的范围,或凭借合法垄断权进一步谋求非法垄断或优势竞争地位,从而导致权利的不正当利用,损害他人或社会公共利益的情形。本章分别剖析了知识产权领域滥用市场支配地位的行为、知识产权许可中的联合限制竞争行为、企业结合中的知识产权控制行为、滥用知识产权诉权等行为以及知识产权滥用行为产生的原因。英国知识产权委员会在其2002年知识产权报告中说,知识产权似乎已蜕变为发达国家在全球扩展其商业模式和争夺经济霸权的得力“帮凶”。一些跨国公司变本加厉,利用不断修改法律等手段,进一步扩展保护范围,提高保护程度。他们完全“异化”了制度,现在保护知识产权的根本目的不再是鼓励创新,而主要是保护这些巨头的商业模式。这就极大地阻碍了知识传播,影响了新技术扩散,制约了创新活动。禁止权利滥用,实现知识产权行使与保护知识产权发展之间的利益平衡,必须坚持利益平衡原则。坚持利益平衡原则,对权利人的权利、非权利人的利益以及社会公共利益都给予充分的考量和注意,在保护知识产权权利人的合法权益与维护非权利人合法利益及社会公共利益之间保持平衡。 第五章从规制知识产权滥用行为的法律体系入手,探讨了如何对贸易中滥用知识产权的行为进行法律规制。规制知识产权滥用的理论基础分别为知识产权滥用是对知识产权利益平衡原则的违反、对民法中权利不得滥用原则的违反和对贸易自由原则的违反。那么,对知识产权滥用的法律规制体系也分为三个部分,即知识产权自身的规制、民法基本原则的规制和竞争法的规制。内部限制即权利本身所包含的界限,意指权利本身包含义务,权利应为社会目的而行使;外部限制则旨在承认并保障权利不可侵犯性、权利行使自由的前提下,以公法的措施适当限制权利的不可侵犯性,以民法上的诚实信用原则、权利滥用之禁止原则及公序良俗原则限制权利行使的自由性。就知识产权滥用行为的内部规制而言,分别从专利法、著作权法和商标法的视角,探讨了如何对知识产权滥用行为进行规制。“民事活动是行使民事权利和履行民事义务以满足个人需要的活动,权利不得滥用原则的要旨,就是要求民事活动的当事人在行使权利及履行义务的过程中,实现个人利益与社会利益的平衡。”由于大量的知识产权滥用行为都构成了对竞争的限制,因而由竞争法对实质上限制了竞争的知识产权滥用行为进行规制是完全必要的。 第六章从“对知识产权法的修改与完善”、“完善我国知识产权领域反垄断立法的若干构想”以及“完善对滥用知识产权诉权的法律规制”三个方面提出了完善相关法律制度的构想。2008年12月27日,第十一届全国人大常委会第六次会议第四次全体会议表决通过了《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改<中华人民共和国专利法>的决定》。至此,我国顺利完成了对专利法的第三次修订,使其更趋完善。这次修改的主要任务之一就是,加强专利权保护,维护公众权益,合理平衡公众与专利权人之间的利益关系,防止专利权滥用,如完善有关强制许可的规定,增加有关药品或医疗器械专利侵权例外的规定,增加现有技术抗辩的规定等。全国人民代表大会常务委员会于2007年8月30日正式通过了备受期待的《中华人民共和国反垄断法》,该法于2008年8月1日开始实施。真可谓“十年磨一剑”。反垄断立法固然重要,但建立能够保证反垄断法有效实施的执法体制更为重要。徒法不足以自行,反垄断法本身不能创造一个公正和自由的市场环境,而必须借助于一个独立、高效、权威的反垄断执法机构。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • This paper, the intellectual property rights and free trade as an entry point, combined with a balance of interests and the anti-trust law and other principles of free trade around the intellectual property rights and the unity of opposites relations, attempts to solve the practical problems in theory, legislation and law enforcement, so that the intellectual property rights and free trade can continue to co-exist in each other, mutual promotion and coordinated development. Full-text consists of seven parts, in addition to the foreword, the other six parts are as follows:relations between intellectual property and free trade; overcoming non-institutional structure barriers of intellectual property; judicial system of intellectual property; abuse of intellectual property rights in trade; legal regulation of intellectual property abuses; improving the relevant legal system. The first chapter is about the relations between intellectual property and free trade, including three sections:free trade; intellectual property rights and free trade were born in the market; goal synergy of intellectual property rights and free trade. In the evolution of free trade, there were the "Theory of absolute advantage", "Theory of comparative advantage", "Theory of elementary resources" and the "New trade theory" and so on. Intellectual property system and free trade are intended to form a rational trade order to achieve market interests; for the operating mechanisms, intellectual property rights are for specific performance of the system of social structures, while free trade is a matter of principle and abstract concept. Intellectual property rights are enjoyed by the civil subject. They are above all private property rights, but also with human attributes. With the legitimacy of intellectual property protection, their protection can not go beyond certain limits, should strive to balance the complex interests. It can be said, to a certain extent, free trade dominated the direction and future of intellectual property development. Intellectual property is a means to achieve free trade, for free trade with the order of value. IP has a history of the development trajectory, with the maturity of the domestic market, resulting from, and later accompanied by the opening up of international markets, the expansion of free trade and the intellectual property itself and a new increment. Of intellectual property rights and free trade objectives of synergies mainly for the expansion and internationalization of intellectual property rights and free trade expansion. In the 20th century, the last quarter of a century, the intellectual property protection is in the scope of rights and the emergence of an object though not uniform, but is quite large-scale expansion. The expansion of free trade, intellectual property for the structure itself provides the basis for the economic system, when this expansion to achieve cross-stage, free trade resulted in the internationalization of intellectual property legislation and integration requirements. ChapterⅡdiscusses the intellectual property barriers to free trade and how to overcome the non-institutional structure. Intellectual property rights and free trade are with the goal of interoperability. But the synergies between them do not mean that in the specific process of social change they are not discord, and even may sometimes appear on the surface of privatization and economic efficiency generation technology the illusion of paradox:the new intellectual achievements of the privatization process is conducive to inefficient allocation of resources to solve the market problems, but the privatization of the control mechanism to activate the capital market has also produced all the disadvantages of monopoly market power. Can this contradiction be resolved? In certain exceptional circumstances, the market allocation of resources may fail, which is manifested in the field of intellectual property right, a non-system structural obstacles to free trade. Non-institutional structural barrier is not necessarily the logical structure of the system, it can be overcome. Whether the expansion of intellectual property rights, or patents focus on the trend of standardization, its free trade over the potential difficulties and threats, so if the form of the problem, then, can be summed up as "how to configure the interest." And physical objects of benefits arising from different rules regulating intellectual property must be used to configure a certain extent, stressed the public interest. The expansion of rights and the principle of public interest, the concentration of the field of application are based on intellectual property rights of non-voluntary licensing system forms presented. The specific terms of the existing system, that is, the fair use of copyright law, the statutory license and compulsory licensing and the compulsory licensing system of patent law, work well. But this does not mean that copyright, patent licensing policy intervention is to hinder free trade; on the contrary, such a policy intervention goal is clear in order to form a broader free trade. In addition, the promotion of cultural form-democracy and the "world" thinking to complement, but also to overcome the non-structural barriers to free trade, is an important idea. At the international level the coordination of intellectual property rights and free trade promotion, in addition to the concept of psycho-social and institutional reconstruction, one should introduce "political dialogue" concrete measures. The interests involved in intellectual property issues, the global system formation and balance of interests in reality, though remote, may be also urgently needed in today's world. To overcome this problem with a paradox, it can be resolved on the idea of "dialogue", in particular Habermas imagined long-term rational dialogue with the ideal conditions. Chapter III discusses the judicial system of intellectual property rights to free trade. Legal recognition of intellectual property, is the starting point of market competition and trade in the system; giving exclusive rights to intellectual property, inspired the innovation enthusiasm of creators, but also become major market incentives and competing interests involved in the system protection. In this sense, Posner said that "the market and property rights go hand in hand; property for private economic activity provides the basic incentives, but also the starting point of transaction, while the resources are transferred to the transaction with their most valuable uses." In fact, from a trade point of view, this argument seems to permit rights as a starting point in trade of intellectual property. In general, the freedom of contract often expected to achieve maximum benefit; but in some exceptional circumstances, freedom of contract may be subject to consideration of other factors. Intellectual property proceedings are significantly different from the trading behavior of market players, it did not belong to the economics of traditional subjects; however, if the economists can study the market's basic analysis tools to transform and take advantage of, according to Posner's understanding, broader use of economics will be possible. Because economists have an assumption as a basic tool, "that people are self-satisfaction of rational maximizers." People in the trade activities are in a rational condition for the dominant practice of the acts of freedom; Similarly, in the event of non-normal trading circumstances, market players may still be under the guidance of reason to seek the relief system, and efforts to obtain a state of normal trade can expect as much interest. This chapter explores China's current judicial, administrative, public policy and other aspects of the market analysis of the effects of free trade, intellectual property protection in China, seeks to outline the context of the information property system and the interaction between market transactions and future vision. Chapter IV carried out in-depth analysis of intellectual property abuses in trade. Of intellectual property abuse is an abuse of civil rights, refers to the right person in the exercise of intellectual property rights beyond the scope permitted by law or the proper limits, improper expansion of the scope of monopoly power, or by virtue of the legal monopoly of the right to further pursue the illegal advantage of monopoly or competitive position, resulting in the misuse of the rights, damage to others or social public interests of the situation. This chapter analyzes the respective field of intellectual property acts of abuse of market dominant position, intellectual property licensing restrictions on competitive behavior in the joint enterprise with the intellectual property control behavior, abuse of intellectual property right of appeal, etc., as well as the causes of intellectual property abuse. UK Intellectual Property Committee in its 2002 Report on Intellectual Property Rights, said that intellectual property seems to have degenerated into the developed countries in the global expansion of its business model and the fight for economic hegemony of the able "accomplice." Some multinationals intensified, taking advantage of such means to change the law to further expand the scope of protection and to improve the level of protection. They are completely "alienation" of the system, and now the fundamental purpose of intellectual property protection is no longer to encourage innovation, but mainly to protect these giants of the business model. This has greatly hindered the dissemination of knowledge, affected the proliferation of new technologies and constrained innovation.To prevent the abuse of rights, we must uphold the principle of balance of interests. Adhere to the principle of balance of interests, the interests of the right holder and the public are given full consideration and attention. Chapter V regulated intellectual property rights from the abuse. Regulation of the theoretical basis for the abuse of intellectual property rights is also divided into three parts, namely, self-regulatory system of intellectual property rights, the basic principles of civil law regulation and competition law regulation. The internal constraints that limit the rights contained in itself, which means the right to itself contains obligations, rights, for social purposes should be exercised; outer limit of the means to recognize and guarantee the inviolability of rights under the premise of the exercise of freedom to appropriate restrictions on public law measures. On the abuse of intellectual property rights in terms of internal regulation, respectively, from the patent law, copyright law and trademark law perspectives, discusses how to conduct the abuse of intellectual property regulation. Because a large number of intellectual property right abuses constitute a restriction of competition, so by the competition law essentially limits the conduct of competitive abuse of intellectual property regulation is absolutely necessary. Chapter VI from the " Changes and developments of intellectual property law ", " A number of ideas to improve the anti-monopoly legislation in the field of intellectual property in China " and "Perfect the regulation for abuse of right to appeal in intellectual property system", put forward a perfect 3-related legal system idea. On December 27,2008, the Eleventh Meeting of the Sixth NPC Standing Committee, the fourth plenary vote for the "National People's Congress Decision on the Amendments to Patent Act of People's Republic of China ". So far, China successfully completed the third revision of the patent law to make it more perfect. One of the main tasks of this amendment is to strengthen patent protection, safeguarding the public interest, a reasonable balance between the public and the interests of the patentee to prevent patent abuse, such as improving the provisions relating to compulsory licensing, an increase in the pharmaceutical or medical exceptions (Bolar Exceptions), etc. National People's Congress Standing Committee on August 30,2007 formally adopted the highly anticipated "Anti-monopoly Act of the People's Republic of China," the law put in force on August 1,2008. Be described as "Decade of grinding sword", anti-monopoly legislation is important, but the establishment of anti-monopoly agencies to ensure the effective implementation of the law enforcement system is more important. Law does not enforce its own, and anti-trust laws can not by itself create a just and free market environment, but must be by means of independent, efficient and authoritative anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D913;D912.29;D996.1
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2010-03-01
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