离婚扶养制度比较研究

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归属学者:

冉启玉

作者:

冉启玉

导师:

陈苇

导师单位:

西南政法大学

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

离婚扶养制度;基本理论;比较研究;不足;完善

摘要:

离婚经济帮助制度是我国婚姻法的重要内容之一,实践证明,该制度在保障离婚弱者方面发挥着离婚补偿制度、离婚损害赔偿制度以及夫妻财产分割制度不可替代的作用。在现有社会保障制度不健全的情况,完善我国的离婚经济帮助能够更好地为离婚弱者提供法律救济。同时,婚姻家庭编是民法典的重要部分,建立完善的婚姻家庭制度对于民法典的制定非常重要。因此,本文拟对国外的离婚扶养制度和我国的离婚经济帮助制度进行理论上的探讨,以便为完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度提供理论上的参考。 我国1980年婚姻法规定了离婚时对生活困难一方的经济帮助制度,该法规定:“离婚时,如一方生活困难,另一方应当给予适当的经济帮助。”2001年修订的《婚姻法》增补规定:“离婚时,如一方生活困难,另一方应从其住房等个人财产中给予适当帮助。”修订的婚姻法增加了从住房等方面给以经济帮助这一提示性规定,符合我国传统的婚居方式,对我国人民法院依法解决大部分离婚妇女无住房的实际困难,具有较大的现实意义。但是,通过对国外离婚扶养制度进行比较分析,笔者认为我国的离婚经济帮助制度存在以下一些不足:第一,由于我国离婚经济帮助制度规定过于原则,缺乏可操作性,在许多情况下,法院没有法定的判决标准,导致法律适用的不统一;第二,我国经济帮助的条件过于苛刻,请求经济帮助的时间限制过严,判断是否需要帮助的标准太低;第三,经济帮助协议中的完全自由主义不利于保护弱者利益;第四,经济帮助的数额、期限以及方式不具体;第五,经济帮助费用执行的保障措施存在不足,一些当事人的离婚经济帮助费难以得到执行;第六,没有规定变更和终止离婚经济帮助的法定情形。 据调查,在我国,请求离婚时经济帮助的多为女性,有的地方甚至达到90%以上,由于现有的离婚经济帮助制度存在以上不足,很大一部分妇女并不能获得离婚时的经济帮助,或者判决的经济帮助数额偏低,导致一些离婚女性贫困化,离该制度保障弱者的宗旨相差甚远。在国外,许多国家建立起了完备的离婚扶养制度,其规定无疑对完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度有着重要的借鉴意义。有鉴于此,本文拟运用比较分析的方法兼社会性别分析方法对离婚扶养制度送行理论上的探讨,对国外的离婚扶养制度进行比较、分析和总结,并对完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度提出立法建议,

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

冉启玉. 离婚扶养制度比较研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2005.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 离婚扶养制度比较研究
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2002837
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 冉启玉
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2005
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 陈苇
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 离婚扶养制度;基本理论;比较研究;不足;完善
  • dc.subject
  • spousal maintenance on divorce; basic theories; a comparative study;defects; improvement
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 离婚经济帮助制度是我国婚姻法的重要内容之一,实践证明,该制度在保障离婚弱者方面发挥着离婚补偿制度、离婚损害赔偿制度以及夫妻财产分割制度不可替代的作用。在现有社会保障制度不健全的情况,完善我国的离婚经济帮助能够更好地为离婚弱者提供法律救济。同时,婚姻家庭编是民法典的重要部分,建立完善的婚姻家庭制度对于民法典的制定非常重要。因此,本文拟对国外的离婚扶养制度和我国的离婚经济帮助制度进行理论上的探讨,以便为完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度提供理论上的参考。 我国1980年婚姻法规定了离婚时对生活困难一方的经济帮助制度,该法规定:“离婚时,如一方生活困难,另一方应当给予适当的经济帮助。”2001年修订的《婚姻法》增补规定:“离婚时,如一方生活困难,另一方应从其住房等个人财产中给予适当帮助。”修订的婚姻法增加了从住房等方面给以经济帮助这一提示性规定,符合我国传统的婚居方式,对我国人民法院依法解决大部分离婚妇女无住房的实际困难,具有较大的现实意义。但是,通过对国外离婚扶养制度进行比较分析,笔者认为我国的离婚经济帮助制度存在以下一些不足:第一,由于我国离婚经济帮助制度规定过于原则,缺乏可操作性,在许多情况下,法院没有法定的判决标准,导致法律适用的不统一;第二,我国经济帮助的条件过于苛刻,请求经济帮助的时间限制过严,判断是否需要帮助的标准太低;第三,经济帮助协议中的完全自由主义不利于保护弱者利益;第四,经济帮助的数额、期限以及方式不具体;第五,经济帮助费用执行的保障措施存在不足,一些当事人的离婚经济帮助费难以得到执行;第六,没有规定变更和终止离婚经济帮助的法定情形。 据调查,在我国,请求离婚时经济帮助的多为女性,有的地方甚至达到90%以上,由于现有的离婚经济帮助制度存在以上不足,很大一部分妇女并不能获得离婚时的经济帮助,或者判决的经济帮助数额偏低,导致一些离婚女性贫困化,离该制度保障弱者的宗旨相差甚远。在国外,许多国家建立起了完备的离婚扶养制度,其规定无疑对完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度有着重要的借鉴意义。有鉴于此,本文拟运用比较分析的方法兼社会性别分析方法对离婚扶养制度送行理论上的探讨,对国外的离婚扶养制度进行比较、分析和总结,并对完善我国的离婚经济帮助制度提出立法建议,
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Financial assistance on divorce is one of the important contents of Chinese maniage law, practice proved that this system plays an important role in protecting the disadvantaged and that it can not be substituted by other systems when the security system is not so advanced. The improvement of this system is beneficial to the interests of the disadvantaged. Meanwhile, as a part of the civil law, the improvement of marriage law is significant to the enactment of the civil law. While the Civil Law of China is being drafted, and the volume of marriage law will be compiled into the Civil Law, this article is trying to make a comparative study on the theories of spousal maintenance in foreign countries and the financial assistance of China, in the hope that it can offer some reference for the improvement of this system.Marriage Law 1980 provided the system of financial assistance, and "The other party shall render appropriate assistance with his or her own property such as his or her residential house" was inserted into the amended Marriage Law of 2001, which complies with the traditional styles of marriage and habitation in China and is significant to solve the realistic problem that most divorced women have no residential houses to live in. However, there are still some defects on this system: Firstly, the provisions on the financial assistance is too summarized without maneuverability, so that there are no criteria when deciding the financial assistance; secondly, the conditions under which the financial assistance is granted are too restrictive, only the party who is in divorce can seek financial assistance, but the one has difficulty in self-support because of looking after the common minors or disabled children, the old-aged or those in marriages of long duration can't get financial assistance from the other one in certain periods after divorce. On the other hand, the basic maintenance level is used to judge whether one party needs financial assistance or not, this criterion is too low; thirdly, absolute freedom in maintenance agreement can't protect the interests of the disadvantaged well; fourthly, the provisions on the amounts, duration and modes are not explicit; fifthly, the specified measures to ensure the enforcement of this system are not enough so that it is hard to enforce some of the payments; sixthly, there are no legal circumstances under which the payments can be modified, terminated, reduced or exempted so that the maintenance is usually paid in the form of lump sums. Hence, it is necessary to improve the system indeedAccording to the statistics, the parties seeking financial assistance are almost women, because of the defects of the current system, it can't protect the disadvantaged, resulting in feminization of poverty. There are self-contained systems of spousal maintenance in foreign countries, whose provisions are reference to the financial assistance of China undoubtedly. Therefore, this paper is trying to make a study on the theories of the spousal maintenance through comparison and gender analysis, in the hope that it can be a perfect relief measure to alleviate the disadvantaged in divorce., This paper contains five parts, about 52 thousand words.Part I makes a study on the basic theories of spousal maintenance. The discussion will focus mainly on the basis on which this system exists and its legislative purpose, including the theory of spousal maintenance as punishment, the compensational spousal maintenance, the transitional spousal maintenance and the basic social obligation maintenance. At the same time, this chapter discusses the relationships between relative systems.Part II introduces the systems of spousal maintenance on divorce in some countries. The provisions in these countries provide the conditions under which spousal maintenance is claimed for, the factors that courts must consider in deciding spousal maintenance payments, the agreement on spousal maintenance, the amounts and modes of maintenance, its enforcement, adjustment and the termination of spousal maintenance.Part HI makes some comments on these provisions, in the hope that we can make reference to the foreign experience to improve our financial assistance on divorce.Part IV considers some trends from other countries, which is helpful to make certain the developing direction of this system and provide some reference for its improvement.Part V discusses the system of financial assistance in China. This part introduces the system of financial assistance, analyzes its defects > and makes some suggestions on the improvement of the financial assistance on divorce: Circumstances under which the financial assistance in divorce is awarded should be broadened properly; factors for a judge to determine the financial assistance in divorce should be added and more attention should be paid to the interests of the minors and women; we should adopt the doctrine of state interference in financial agreement to protect the interests of the disadvantaged; the modes and the periods of the spousal maintenance should be specified so that there are rules to follow when deciding the spousal maintenance payments; we should strengthen some enforceable measures to ensure that the system can be executed properly; we should provide for the circumstances under which the financial assistance in divorce is exempted, limited, modified or terminated to make it more reasonable.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D923.9
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2005-04-01
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