当下我国弱势群体的法律保护

On the Present Legal Protection Towards the Disadvantaged Groups in China

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归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

王朝辉

导师:

姚荣茂

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

弱势群体;价值基础;法律保护;完善立法;法律实施

摘要:

目前,我国处于社会转型期和改革攻坚时期,弱势群体的社会问题日益暴露,并引起政府和整个社会的普遍关注。对弱势群体进行法律保护不仅关系到社会的公正,而且还将影响社会的稳定。法律作为社会关系的调节器和平衡社会利益的尺度,只有关注弱势群体,才能实现社会各阶层或群体利益的和谐发展,进而促进社会的稳定和发展。 基于对弱势群体法律保护重要性的认识,本文以弱势群体法律保护为选题,从法社会学社会角色和经济社会社会学为研究方法,对弱势群体的法律保护问题进行研究,在此基础上笔者将全文分以下成五个部分: 第一部分论述了弱势群体的概念,并指出其概念具有相对性。弱势群体最主要表现为“权利弱势”,即权利得不到实现或权利受到侵害而得不到有效的救济,在我国现阶段弱势群体主要包括老年人、残疾人、妇女儿童、城市贫困者和农民工等群体。这一概念具有相对性,根据不同的标准,弱势群体包含的内容并不相同。 第二部分阐述了弱势群体法律保护的价值基础。人权是弱势群体法律保护的价值基础所在,人权的平等性也要求对弱势群体进行法律保护。本部分首先论述了人权的涵义和特征,人权是人享有或应当享有的权利,具有平等性和制约性的特征。每个人都应平等的享有人权,但是人权的平等实现需要一定的社会条件。弱势群体法律保护是人权平等理念的价值表达,要真正实现弱势群体的法律保护,改善其人权状况,不仅要从形式平等的角度出发,更要体现实质平等。形式平等与弱势群体权利的保护有着积极的意义,但是弱势群体的特征往往被掩盖;实质平等对弱势群体的权利保护起到了修正作用,更注重弱势群体实际的情况,注重“差别”。这样,弱势群体的法律保护制度才能稳固。此外,完善弱势群体的法律保护,对我国社会的稳定和可持续发展、构建社会主义和谐社会都具有重要的现实意义。 第三部分阐述我国弱势群体法律保护的现状。在立法上,宪法、法律和法规等不同位阶的法律渊源都对弱势群体的权利保护进行了规定,一定程度上保护了弱势群体的权利。但是仍存在不少问题,如缺乏可操作性、立法层次较低等问题。在实施阶段,行政执法过程中暴露出许多问题,如执法不严、执法粗暴和缺乏监督等;弱势群体的司法保护主要体现在司法救助制度的建立和完善,但是司法不公问题凸显,法律援助制度也亟待完善。目前我国弱势群体的法律保护目前仍处于形式平等的阶段。 第四部分阐述了弱势群体法律保护的完善。我国弱势群体法律保护的完善主要集中于立法层面:健全相关的立法,实现弱势群体保护立法的体系化,建立健全基本法对弱势群体的保护制度,完善社会保障制度和进行人权立法。弱势群体法律保护制度的实现离不开法律的实施和相关社会条件的具备。因此,在实施过程中,行政执法中确立弱势群体保护的执法原则和制度,强化行政责任,树立以人为本的执法理念;司法领域要惩治司法腐败,进行司法改革,完善法律援助制度;完善法律实施的社会条件,包括一定的经济和政治条件,其他社会规范的共同作用和法律意识的提高等。法律和其他社会条件的合力作用才能达到应有的法律效果。 第五部分结语阐述弱势群体的法律保护在当下我国构建和谐社会和注重人权的情况下具有重要的社会意义,以人权的平等理念为基础,从法律渊源和实施两个层面对弱势群体的法律保护进行完善,也能够体现社会的公平和正义。 总体而言,关注弱势群体的处境和注重对弱势群体的法律保护具有重要的社会现实意义,这也是我国建设社会主义法治国家的一个重要面。

学科:

中外政治制度

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

王朝辉. 当下我国弱势群体的法律保护[D]. 西南政法大学,2009.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 当下我国弱势群体的法律保护
  • dc.title
  • On the Present Legal Protection Towards the Disadvantaged Groups in China
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20060
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王朝辉
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2009
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 姚荣茂
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 弱势群体;;价值基础;;法律保护;;完善立法;;法律实施
  • dc.subject
  • The disadvantaged groups;; Value basis;; Legal protection;; Consummate the legislation;; Law implementation
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 目前,我国处于社会转型期和改革攻坚时期,弱势群体的社会问题日益暴露,并引起政府和整个社会的普遍关注。对弱势群体进行法律保护不仅关系到社会的公正,而且还将影响社会的稳定。法律作为社会关系的调节器和平衡社会利益的尺度,只有关注弱势群体,才能实现社会各阶层或群体利益的和谐发展,进而促进社会的稳定和发展。 基于对弱势群体法律保护重要性的认识,本文以弱势群体法律保护为选题,从法社会学社会角色和经济社会社会学为研究方法,对弱势群体的法律保护问题进行研究,在此基础上笔者将全文分以下成五个部分: 第一部分论述了弱势群体的概念,并指出其概念具有相对性。弱势群体最主要表现为“权利弱势”,即权利得不到实现或权利受到侵害而得不到有效的救济,在我国现阶段弱势群体主要包括老年人、残疾人、妇女儿童、城市贫困者和农民工等群体。这一概念具有相对性,根据不同的标准,弱势群体包含的内容并不相同。 第二部分阐述了弱势群体法律保护的价值基础。人权是弱势群体法律保护的价值基础所在,人权的平等性也要求对弱势群体进行法律保护。本部分首先论述了人权的涵义和特征,人权是人享有或应当享有的权利,具有平等性和制约性的特征。每个人都应平等的享有人权,但是人权的平等实现需要一定的社会条件。弱势群体法律保护是人权平等理念的价值表达,要真正实现弱势群体的法律保护,改善其人权状况,不仅要从形式平等的角度出发,更要体现实质平等。形式平等与弱势群体权利的保护有着积极的意义,但是弱势群体的特征往往被掩盖;实质平等对弱势群体的权利保护起到了修正作用,更注重弱势群体实际的情况,注重“差别”。这样,弱势群体的法律保护制度才能稳固。此外,完善弱势群体的法律保护,对我国社会的稳定和可持续发展、构建社会主义和谐社会都具有重要的现实意义。 第三部分阐述我国弱势群体法律保护的现状。在立法上,宪法、法律和法规等不同位阶的法律渊源都对弱势群体的权利保护进行了规定,一定程度上保护了弱势群体的权利。但是仍存在不少问题,如缺乏可操作性、立法层次较低等问题。在实施阶段,行政执法过程中暴露出许多问题,如执法不严、执法粗暴和缺乏监督等;弱势群体的司法保护主要体现在司法救助制度的建立和完善,但是司法不公问题凸显,法律援助制度也亟待完善。目前我国弱势群体的法律保护目前仍处于形式平等的阶段。 第四部分阐述了弱势群体法律保护的完善。我国弱势群体法律保护的完善主要集中于立法层面:健全相关的立法,实现弱势群体保护立法的体系化,建立健全基本法对弱势群体的保护制度,完善社会保障制度和进行人权立法。弱势群体法律保护制度的实现离不开法律的实施和相关社会条件的具备。因此,在实施过程中,行政执法中确立弱势群体保护的执法原则和制度,强化行政责任,树立以人为本的执法理念;司法领域要惩治司法腐败,进行司法改革,完善法律援助制度;完善法律实施的社会条件,包括一定的经济和政治条件,其他社会规范的共同作用和法律意识的提高等。法律和其他社会条件的合力作用才能达到应有的法律效果。 第五部分结语阐述弱势群体的法律保护在当下我国构建和谐社会和注重人权的情况下具有重要的社会意义,以人权的平等理念为基础,从法律渊源和实施两个层面对弱势群体的法律保护进行完善,也能够体现社会的公平和正义。 总体而言,关注弱势群体的处境和注重对弱势群体的法律保护具有重要的社会现实意义,这也是我国建设社会主义法治国家的一个重要面。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • It is well known,the disadvantaged groups exist in any society,however,people did not realized the importance of legal protection towards them.During the period of China'society transition and reforming enforcement,problems of disadvantaged groups catches the attention of government and society.The protection relates not only to the society' justice but also to society's stability.Law,as a kind of regulators of social relations and a gauge of balancing society interests,only paying attention to the disadvantaged groups,can the harmonious development of every class and various community'interest realize,which can further promotes the stability and advancement of society. On the basis of the importance of legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups,this paper can be divided into the following six parts: The problems to be expounded,the present research state,the research approch and research significance are introduced in the introduction part. In the first part,the concept of disadvantaged groups has been elaborated,also,the relativity of it has been pointed out.The manifestation of it is "unprivileged",namely,their rights cannot be realized or the ineffective redemption does exsist when their rights was violated.It mainly includes such goups as senior citizen,the disabled,women and children, poor peopl in city and migrant workers at present stage.As mentioned above,this conception is relative,The implications may be different according to the different standards. In the second part,the value basis of legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups has been elaborated.The human rights is the key point of such protection,which is required by the equality of human rights.The implications and features of human rights have been firstly elaborated in this part.Human rights is the rights which people can or should not be deprived,it possesses such features of equality and conditionality.Each people should enjoy the equal human rights,however,its realization needs certain social conditions.The legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups is the value expression of the equality of human rights.,the true realization of such protection entails not only formal equality but also essential one.Formal equality takes an positive aspects in the legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups but its weak features are always covered,while the essential equality plays a correcting role in such protection and pays more attention to the real situation and the different system,which can consolidate the basis of such protection.In addition,it has the vital practical significance to our society' stable& sustainable development and the construction of harmonious socialist society when it refers to consummating the system of such protection. In the Third part,the present state of legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups has been expounded.There are still many problems,such as lack of feasibility,low level of legislation,although there are some stipulations on legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups in Constitution,and some laws®ulations from the perspective of legislation.many problems has benn exposed in the process of administrative law enforcement at implementation stage,such as lax implementation of laws,the crude law-enforcement and lack of supervision.The establishment of consummation on judicial rescue system is the main manifestation of the judicial protection towards the disadvantaged groups.The problem of judicial unfairness becomes prominen.The legal rescue system also waits urgently to be consummated.At present,legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups is still in the stage of formal equality. In the fourth part,the consummation of legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups has been elaborated,which is mainly concentrated in the legislative level: consummating the related laws,accomplishing systemization of the legislation on legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups,establishing and perfecting protection systems of basical laws towards the disadvantaged groups,consummating social insurance system and legislating on the basis of human rights. Legal protection system towards the disadvantaged groups is closely related to the implementation of law and some related social conditions.Therefore,the implementation principle and system should be established,administrative responsibility should be enforced.The philosophy of people-oriented should be awared,judicial corruptions should be punished in the judicial domainjudicial reform and comsummation of legal rescue system,perfection of social conditions economically and politically also are needed,other social regulatios and law awareness should be enhanced.Only holding the joint forces of laws and social conditions,can the expected effects be reached. On a whole,paying attention to the situation and legal protection towards the disadvantaged groups has vital significances.This is one of the significant aspects of socialist nations under the rule of law,also plays a positive role in the construction of a harmonious society.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D632.1
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2009-04-10
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