法律论证理论在司法审判中的意义和应用

On the Significance and Application of the Theory of Legal Reasoning in Judicial Trial

传播影响力
本库下载频次:
本库浏览频次:
CNKI下载频次:0

归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

王海岸

导师:

姚荣茂

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

论证;法律论证;逻辑;修辞;对话;司法

摘要:

法律论证理论是二十世纪后半期新兴起的法律方法论的研究领域,它涉及的内容非常广泛,容纳了多个学科的理论。国内外对于法律论证理论的研究还处于发展和完善阶段,法律论证理论还没有体系化和系统化,仍然不够成熟,在司法实践中更是体现得比较少。 论证所指向的是从理由到结论的这样一个过程,法律论证则有狭义和广义两种涵义,本文采狭义说,即法律论证是指在司法审判过程中对法官、当事人以及其他诉讼参与者就案件事实与法律进行论辩,以获得合理的裁判结果的过程。法律论证主要有三种进路和论证模式:形式逻辑、修辞和对话。形式逻辑以演绎推理为核心,注重论证的逻辑有效性,是法律论证最基本的模式;修辞旨在通过语言文字的运用来加强表达的效果从而达到论证的目的,修辞方法的理论模式主要有:佩雷尔曼的“新修辞学”、图尔敏的论证模型和维韦格的论题学方法。在不同的语境下,所运用的修辞手段是不同的。对话的方法是一种比较新的法律论证模式,它以商谈程序作为法律论证的过程,通过设置商谈的实质标准和形式标准来约束法律论证。对话模式的代表人物是德国的哈贝马斯和罗伯特·阿列克西。阿列克西区分了法律论证中的内部证成和外部证成,系统论述了在对话的情境下法律论证的规则和模式,其理论最为精细和规范。本文以为,逻辑和修辞都可以包含在对话模式之中。 法律论证对司法审判活动有着重要的意义:首先,法律论证可以弥补法律解释和法律推理的不足,防止司法过程的混乱和专断。法律解释和法律推理是传统中最经常使用的法律方法,但它们都有自身难以克服的局限性:法律解释需要论证其解释进路的合理性,法律推理不能体现审判中当事人的参与。其次,法律论证可以促进共识的形成,提高判决的可接受度。诉讼是一个纠纷解决过程,纠纷双方能够在理想的对话情景中达成共识,促进纠纷的顺利解决。最后,通过法律论证可以促进实现程序正义。法律论证本身就体现了程序正义的要求,法律论证过程能满足诉讼参与者的程序性需求。 将法律理论成果应用到司法审判过程中,用来指导司法行为和司法审判制度的改革和完善是非常有意义的。法律论证理论在司法中的应用路径包括三个方面:第一,法律论证理论要求审判的开放性和论辩性,这能够促进审判中多元主体的参与,保证其诉讼权利。第二,法律论证要在确保庭审中诉讼参与者的言论权利的基础上进行,因此英美国家当事人主义的庭审模式可以为我们借鉴,由此来配置诉讼各方的权利和义务。第三,判决书的制作。在判决书的制作上,我国法院的突出问题就是论证不足。这可以从逻辑和修辞两个维度进行审视。在逻辑上,判决书中的法律规则和案件事实应符合演绎推理的大小前提的要求,推论过程应当符合逻辑的有效式。在修辞上,判决书中的修辞不仅仅是修饰,它发挥了很重要的说服功能。

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

王海岸. 法律论证理论在司法审判中的意义和应用[D]. 西南政法大学,2010.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 法律论证理论在司法审判中的意义和应用
  • dc.title
  • On the Significance and Application of the Theory of Legal Reasoning in Judicial Trial
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20070301010001
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王海岸
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2010
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 姚荣茂
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 论证;;法律论证;;逻辑;;修辞;;对话;;司法
  • dc.subject
  • Argument;;Legal argumentation;; Logic;; Rhetoric;; Dialogue;; Justice
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 法律论证理论是二十世纪后半期新兴起的法律方法论的研究领域,它涉及的内容非常广泛,容纳了多个学科的理论。国内外对于法律论证理论的研究还处于发展和完善阶段,法律论证理论还没有体系化和系统化,仍然不够成熟,在司法实践中更是体现得比较少。 论证所指向的是从理由到结论的这样一个过程,法律论证则有狭义和广义两种涵义,本文采狭义说,即法律论证是指在司法审判过程中对法官、当事人以及其他诉讼参与者就案件事实与法律进行论辩,以获得合理的裁判结果的过程。法律论证主要有三种进路和论证模式:形式逻辑、修辞和对话。形式逻辑以演绎推理为核心,注重论证的逻辑有效性,是法律论证最基本的模式;修辞旨在通过语言文字的运用来加强表达的效果从而达到论证的目的,修辞方法的理论模式主要有:佩雷尔曼的“新修辞学”、图尔敏的论证模型和维韦格的论题学方法。在不同的语境下,所运用的修辞手段是不同的。对话的方法是一种比较新的法律论证模式,它以商谈程序作为法律论证的过程,通过设置商谈的实质标准和形式标准来约束法律论证。对话模式的代表人物是德国的哈贝马斯和罗伯特·阿列克西。阿列克西区分了法律论证中的内部证成和外部证成,系统论述了在对话的情境下法律论证的规则和模式,其理论最为精细和规范。本文以为,逻辑和修辞都可以包含在对话模式之中。 法律论证对司法审判活动有着重要的意义:首先,法律论证可以弥补法律解释和法律推理的不足,防止司法过程的混乱和专断。法律解释和法律推理是传统中最经常使用的法律方法,但它们都有自身难以克服的局限性:法律解释需要论证其解释进路的合理性,法律推理不能体现审判中当事人的参与。其次,法律论证可以促进共识的形成,提高判决的可接受度。诉讼是一个纠纷解决过程,纠纷双方能够在理想的对话情景中达成共识,促进纠纷的顺利解决。最后,通过法律论证可以促进实现程序正义。法律论证本身就体现了程序正义的要求,法律论证过程能满足诉讼参与者的程序性需求。 将法律理论成果应用到司法审判过程中,用来指导司法行为和司法审判制度的改革和完善是非常有意义的。法律论证理论在司法中的应用路径包括三个方面:第一,法律论证理论要求审判的开放性和论辩性,这能够促进审判中多元主体的参与,保证其诉讼权利。第二,法律论证要在确保庭审中诉讼参与者的言论权利的基础上进行,因此英美国家当事人主义的庭审模式可以为我们借鉴,由此来配置诉讼各方的权利和义务。第三,判决书的制作。在判决书的制作上,我国法院的突出问题就是论证不足。这可以从逻辑和修辞两个维度进行审视。在逻辑上,判决书中的法律规则和案件事实应符合演绎推理的大小前提的要求,推论过程应当符合逻辑的有效式。在修辞上,判决书中的修辞不仅仅是修饰,它发挥了很重要的说服功能。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Legal argumentation theory is the latter half of the twentieth century, the emerging field of study of legal methodology, which involves a wide range of content to accommodate a multi-disciplinary theories. Domestic and abroad for the theoretical study of legal argumentation is still in the stage of development and improvement, legal argumentation theory has not yet been systematic and systematized, and is still not mature enough, and in judicial practice is less to be reflected. Argumentation is such a process by pointing from the grounds to the conclusions, and legal argumentation has two kinds of narrow and broad meaning. This thesis adopted the narrow sense, which is the legal reasoning of judges in the judicial process, which is the parties and other participants in the proceedings of law argumentation obtaining a reasonable judge. There are three kinds of legal reasoning and argumentation paths and models:formal logic, rhetoric and dialogue. Formal logic to deductive reasoning as the core, focusing on the logic of argument the validity of the basic model of legal argumentation; rhetorical use language designed to enhance the effectiveness of the table so as to achieve the purpose of argument and rhetorical methods of theoretical models are:Perelman's "new rhetoric," Toulmin's argumentation model and study the topics Viehweg method. In different contexts, the using of rhetorical devices is different. The method of dialogue is a relatively new model of legal argumentation, which as a legal argumentation in order to discuss procedures for the process by setting to discuss the substance of the standards and criteria to constrain the form of legal reasoning. Representatives of Approach to dialogue are Habermas and Robert Alexy in Germany. Alexy on distinction between legal argumentation in the internal and external card into the card into the system discussed in the context of dialogue under the rules and patterns of legal argumentation and the theory of the most sophisticated and norms. This thought, logic and rhetoric can be included in the dialogue is being directed. Legal argumentation on the activities of the administration of justice has important implications:First, the legal arguments can make up for legal interpretation and legal reasoning of the lack of judicial process to prevent the chaos and arbitrary. Legal interpretation and legal reasoning are the most frequently used methods of traditional legal methods, but they are difficult to overcome the limitations of its own:the legal interpretation of its interpretation need to demonstrate the reasonableness of the approach roads, the legal reasoning does not reflect the trial, the parties involved. Second, the legal argumentation can promote the formation of a consensus to raise the acceptable degree of sentence. Litigation as a dispute resolution process, dispute the two sides of the dialogue can be an ideal scenario to reach a consensus to promote the smooth settlement of disputes. Finally, legal argumentation can promote the realization of procedural justice. Legal argumentation reflects the requirements of procedural justice, and the process of legal argumentation will meet the need of legal procedures for participants. The outcome of the legal theory applied to the justice process and used to guide judicial conduct and judicial reform and improve the justice system is extremely meaningful. Theory of legal reasoning in the application of the judicial path consists of three aspects:first, the law required proof theory, the trial of openness and arguments, which can promote the participation of the main multi-trial to ensure that their legal rights. Second, the legal argument in the trial can ensure the rights of the participants on the basis of speech, so Anglo-American adversary system of trial model of the country can be learnt by us, thereby to configure the rights and obligations of the parties. Third, making judgments. Making judgments on the outstanding problems in our courts is proof enough. This can be both logical and rhetorical dimensions under review. Logically, judgment rule of law and the facts of the case should be consistent with the premise of deductive reasoning, the size of the request, and the process of reasoning should be logical and effective style. In the rhetoric, the judgments of the rhetoric is not only modified, and it has played a very important function for persuasion.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D916
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2010-03-20
回到顶部