我国资格刑立法完善研究

Research on Suggestions for Improvement of Qualification Penalty of Criminal Law

成果信息
DC信息
传播影响力
本库下载频次:
本库浏览频次:
CNKI下载频次:0

归属院系：

法学院

作者：

牛颖颖

导师：

朱建华

学位：

硕士

语种：

中文

关键词：

资格刑;刑罚轻缓化;刑罚目的;立法现状;完善构想

摘要：

资格刑作为我国刑罚种类的一种,同其它刑罚相比具有轻缓性、经济性、非监禁化等特点,对于利用一定资格实施的犯罪能够起到报应犯罪与有效预防犯罪的作用。但目前我国刑法中资格刑尚存在种类单一、适用条件不合理、剥夺内容、方式与期限不合理、适用范围过宽等问题,这在一定程度上阻碍了资格刑功能的发挥。本文意图通过对我国刑法中资格刑规定的现状进行分析,发现不足之处,借鉴国外刑事立法经验,对我国的资格刑立法提出完善构想,以期使资格刑为我国司法实践发挥最大作用。 本文从资格刑的基本理论、我国刑法中资格刑的立法现状及不足、大陆法系发达国家刑法关于资格刑的立法介绍、对我国资格刑的立法完善构想四个方面对资格刑进行论述。 全文共分为四个部分,共计约34000字。 第一部分为资格刑概述。资格刑以一定的资格为剥夺内容,该部分首先分析了资格的概念以及资格对于主体的重要作用。然后区分了权利刑、能力刑、名誉刑、资格刑几种不同的称谓,采纳了资格刑这一称谓,并分析了当前学界关于资格刑的几种代表性概念,肯定了资格刑是指以行为人一定资格为剥夺内容的一类刑罚方法的总称。接着分析了资格刑的三个特点:剥夺内容的非物质性、适用的经济性、轻缓性。最后分析了资格刑的合理性根据。一是其刑罚性根据,即能够有效地报应犯罪与预防犯罪,二是其符合现代刑罚轻缓化、非监禁化的趋势。 第二部分为我国刑法的资格刑立法现状及不足。我国刑法目前对于资格刑的规定尚存在诸多不合理之处,主要表现为以下几方面:第一,资格刑的种类太单一,只有剥夺政治权利与驱逐出境两种。第二,总则中对资格刑的适用条件规定了两条标准,一是罪的标准,一是刑的标准。笔者认为,对于故意杀人、强奸、放火、爆炸、投毒、抢劫等严重破坏社会秩序的犯罪分子附加剥夺政治权利,既不能起到报应犯罪的作用,也无益于实现资格刑对犯罪的预防作用。对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子,应当附加剥夺政治权利终身的规定,一方面导致必需先确定主刑再决定是否适用资格刑的不合理局面,违背了刑罚之间的地位关系,另一方面导致了我国资格刑的适用范围过于广泛。第三,我国刑法分则中资格刑的分布范围不合理。对于贪污贿赂犯罪、渎职罪这类亟需剥夺政治权利的犯罪,我国刑罚分则却没有作出资格刑的规定,而一些并没有利用资格实施的犯罪,如故意伤害罪却由于最高刑为死刑或无期徒刑而能够被附加剥夺政治权利。第四,我国刑法中规定政治自由属于剥夺政治权利的剥夺内容,这一方面与宪法对政治自由的规定不相符合,而且与世界大部分国家的资格刑内容不相符合。此外,我国刑法中对资格刑规定的是“一刀切”的剥夺方式,这不利于实现刑罚的个别化。第五,我国刑法资格刑的期限不合理,主要指对被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子剥夺政治权利的期限为终身的规定不合理。我国刑法没有规定资格刑的数罪并罚制度,造成了司法实践中的法律适用漏洞。 第三部分为大陆法系发达国家刑法关于资格刑的立法介绍。该部分主要介绍了德国、法国、俄罗斯三国刑法中关于资格刑的规定。首先介绍了德国刑法中资格刑的特点,其规定了资格刑的复权制度,在分则中采取三种方式对资格刑作出规定,值得我国借鉴。然后介绍了法国刑法中资格刑的特点,其资格刑种类较多,并规定了分项剥夺的方式,值得我国借鉴。最后介绍了俄罗斯刑法中资格刑的特点,其规定了剥夺从事一定职业或活动的权利,适应当前打击犯罪的需要,其分则中适用资格刑的罪名限于利用一定资格实施的犯罪,具有很强的针对性,值得我国借鉴。 第四部分为我国资格刑立法完善构想。主要表现为以下四方面:第一方面完善刑法总则中资格刑的适用条件,为资格刑的适用设立一个总的标准,即资格刑的适用应限于利用特定资格实施了犯罪的犯罪分子。因此,笔者建议修改刑法总则第56条,将其改为“对于危害国家安全罪、贪污贿赂犯罪、渎职罪的犯罪分子,应当附加剥夺公权”,删除刑法第57条第1款中对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子应当剥夺政治权利终身的规定。第二方面是完善资格刑体系。一是对现有剥夺政治权利制度进行完善,将其称谓改为剥夺公权,删除剥夺政治自由的规定;二是增设剥夺从事一定职业或活动的权利;三是增设适用于法人的资格刑;四是完善驱逐出境制度,主要是为驱逐出境规定合理期限及执行机关。第三方面是完善资格刑适用制度。一是规定分项剥夺制度,以增强资格刑适用的科学性与针对性;二是增加资格刑的数罪并罚制度;三是增加资格刑的复权制度。第四方面是完善刑法分则中对资格刑的规定。主要包括重新界定资格刑适用的罪名范围及完善刑法分则对资格刑的规定方式。

学科：

刑法学

提交日期：

2018-01-11

引用参考：

牛颖颖. 我国资格刑立法完善研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2011.

全文附件授权许可：

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国资格刑立法完善研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on Suggestions for Improvement of Qualification Penalty of Criminal Law
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20080301040288
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 牛颖颖
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2011
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 朱建华
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 资格刑;;刑罚轻缓化;;刑罚目的;;立法现状;;完善构想
  • dc.subject
  • Qualification Penalty;;the Trend of Lightening of Penalty;;the Purpose of the Legislation;;the Idea of Developing the Law
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 资格刑作为我国刑罚种类的一种,同其它刑罚相比具有轻缓性、经济性、非监禁化等特点,对于利用一定资格实施的犯罪能够起到报应犯罪与有效预防犯罪的作用。但目前我国刑法中资格刑尚存在种类单一、适用条件不合理、剥夺内容、方式与期限不合理、适用范围过宽等问题,这在一定程度上阻碍了资格刑功能的发挥。本文意图通过对我国刑法中资格刑规定的现状进行分析,发现不足之处,借鉴国外刑事立法经验,对我国的资格刑立法提出完善构想,以期使资格刑为我国司法实践发挥最大作用。 本文从资格刑的基本理论、我国刑法中资格刑的立法现状及不足、大陆法系发达国家刑法关于资格刑的立法介绍、对我国资格刑的立法完善构想四个方面对资格刑进行论述。 全文共分为四个部分,共计约34000字。 第一部分为资格刑概述。资格刑以一定的资格为剥夺内容,该部分首先分析了资格的概念以及资格对于主体的重要作用。然后区分了权利刑、能力刑、名誉刑、资格刑几种不同的称谓,采纳了资格刑这一称谓,并分析了当前学界关于资格刑的几种代表性概念,肯定了资格刑是指以行为人一定资格为剥夺内容的一类刑罚方法的总称。接着分析了资格刑的三个特点:剥夺内容的非物质性、适用的经济性、轻缓性。最后分析了资格刑的合理性根据。一是其刑罚性根据,即能够有效地报应犯罪与预防犯罪,二是其符合现代刑罚轻缓化、非监禁化的趋势。 第二部分为我国刑法的资格刑立法现状及不足。我国刑法目前对于资格刑的规定尚存在诸多不合理之处,主要表现为以下几方面:第一,资格刑的种类太单一,只有剥夺政治权利与驱逐出境两种。第二,总则中对资格刑的适用条件规定了两条标准,一是罪的标准,一是刑的标准。笔者认为,对于故意杀人、强奸、放火、爆炸、投毒、抢劫等严重破坏社会秩序的犯罪分子附加剥夺政治权利,既不能起到报应犯罪的作用,也无益于实现资格刑对犯罪的预防作用。对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子,应当附加剥夺政治权利终身的规定,一方面导致必需先确定主刑再决定是否适用资格刑的不合理局面,违背了刑罚之间的地位关系,另一方面导致了我国资格刑的适用范围过于广泛。第三,我国刑法分则中资格刑的分布范围不合理。对于贪污贿赂犯罪、渎职罪这类亟需剥夺政治权利的犯罪,我国刑罚分则却没有作出资格刑的规定,而一些并没有利用资格实施的犯罪,如故意伤害罪却由于最高刑为死刑或无期徒刑而能够被附加剥夺政治权利。第四,我国刑法中规定政治自由属于剥夺政治权利的剥夺内容,这一方面与宪法对政治自由的规定不相符合,而且与世界大部分国家的资格刑内容不相符合。此外,我国刑法中对资格刑规定的是“一刀切”的剥夺方式,这不利于实现刑罚的个别化。第五,我国刑法资格刑的期限不合理,主要指对被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子剥夺政治权利的期限为终身的规定不合理。我国刑法没有规定资格刑的数罪并罚制度,造成了司法实践中的法律适用漏洞。 第三部分为大陆法系发达国家刑法关于资格刑的立法介绍。该部分主要介绍了德国、法国、俄罗斯三国刑法中关于资格刑的规定。首先介绍了德国刑法中资格刑的特点,其规定了资格刑的复权制度,在分则中采取三种方式对资格刑作出规定,值得我国借鉴。然后介绍了法国刑法中资格刑的特点,其资格刑种类较多,并规定了分项剥夺的方式,值得我国借鉴。最后介绍了俄罗斯刑法中资格刑的特点,其规定了剥夺从事一定职业或活动的权利,适应当前打击犯罪的需要,其分则中适用资格刑的罪名限于利用一定资格实施的犯罪,具有很强的针对性,值得我国借鉴。 第四部分为我国资格刑立法完善构想。主要表现为以下四方面:第一方面完善刑法总则中资格刑的适用条件,为资格刑的适用设立一个总的标准,即资格刑的适用应限于利用特定资格实施了犯罪的犯罪分子。因此,笔者建议修改刑法总则第56条,将其改为“对于危害国家安全罪、贪污贿赂犯罪、渎职罪的犯罪分子,应当附加剥夺公权”,删除刑法第57条第1款中对于被判处死刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子应当剥夺政治权利终身的规定。第二方面是完善资格刑体系。一是对现有剥夺政治权利制度进行完善,将其称谓改为剥夺公权,删除剥夺政治自由的规定;二是增设剥夺从事一定职业或活动的权利;三是增设适用于法人的资格刑;四是完善驱逐出境制度,主要是为驱逐出境规定合理期限及执行机关。第三方面是完善资格刑适用制度。一是规定分项剥夺制度,以增强资格刑适用的科学性与针对性;二是增加资格刑的数罪并罚制度;三是增加资格刑的复权制度。第四方面是完善刑法分则中对资格刑的规定。主要包括重新界定资格刑适用的罪名范围及完善刑法分则对资格刑的规定方式。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Qualification penalty,as a kind of systems of criminal punishment,qualification penalty,compared with other penalties,is soft,economy and non-custodial.It is as well very useful in preventing and revenging crimes that using some kind of qulifications.But there are a lot of drawbacks in our criminal law,such as monotonous species,the unreasonable deprive way, the content is not perfect. This, to a certain extent, hampered functions of qualification penalty. This article intends to analysis the status of our criminal law,to find deficiencies and reference the experience of foreign criminal legislation,so that to propose consummate idea for our criminal law.and let qualification penalty to play important role for the Judicial practice. This article contends basic theory of qualification penalty,the analysis of the fact of our criminal law, the legislation of the developed countries of continental,the consummate idea for our criminal law.This article is divided into four parts, including approximately 33,000 words. The first part is overview of qualification penalty.Qualification penalty,whose deprivation of content is certain qualifications.Firstly,this part analizes the concept of qulification penalty and the important role of qulifications for the subject.Then distinguishes the right punishment, ability punishment, honorary punishment and qualification penalty,I agree with the appellation of qulification penalty and analyzes the current academic idea of the concept of qualification penalty. Qualification penalty refers to the floorboard of the class of punishment method whose depriving content is certain qualifications. Qualification penalty is non-material, conomy and light.Last I analyse the reasonable basis,one is on the criminal basis,that it can repay and prevent crime effectively.the other lies on that it accords with the trend of lighten and unimprisionment. The second part is our criminal law's insufficiet legislation of qualification penalty. At present,our country criminal law has many shortcomings, mainly for the following respects:first, the species of qualification penalty is too onefold,which has just depriveing of political rights and deportation.There are two standards of qulification penalty in the general rule of our criminal law,one is the standard of crime,the other standard is punishment.In my opinion,deprivng the political rights of offender who commit the crime of killing, raping, arson, explosion, and poisoning,robbery can not repay crime and prevent crime. For the person who is sentenced to death or life imprisonment,depriving the political rights of him,cause that we must firstly to determine main penalty before determining the supplementary punishment,on the other kind it causes that the scope of the qualification penalty is too wide. Third,the scope of the qualification in Specific Provisions of Criminal Law is unreasonable.For the crime of embezzlement and bribery and Malfeasance crime,there are not provisions of deprivng the political rights.only in the that the situation that the person who commits crime of embezzlement and bribery sentenced to death or life imprisonment,that he can be deprived of political rights.On the other hand,the criminal who don’t use some qualifications,such as theft,can be deprives of political rights just because he is sentenced to death or life imprisonment.Fourth,our criminal law provides that political freedoms belongs to the content of deprivation of political rights,this is consistent with the constitution,and the provisions of the major coutries in the world.Also,there are not rules of combined punishment,that leads to law loophole in judicial practices. Fifth,the starting point of deadline of deprivation of political rights,which leads to surplus punishment. The third part is the introduction of continental law system of developed country’s criminal law on qualification punishment. This part mainly introduces criminal provisions of qualification of Germany, France, Russia. Firstly,I introduce the characteristics of qualification penalty of German criminal law, it stipulated the recovery rule of qualification penalty,in the specifics part,it provides qualification penalty in three ways, separate provisions, paragraph and section.It is useful for the consummation of our courty’s criminal law.Then,I introduce the characteristics of qualification penalty of France criminal law,there are many kinds of qulification penalty in it.It provides rule os separating depriving and also useful for the consummation of our courty’s criminal law.Last, I introduce the characteristics of qualification penalty of russia criminal law,the crime that can be applicabled of qulification penalty is limited in the crime that need certain qualifications to commite,this is very pertinence and useful for the consummation of our courty’s criminal law The fourth part is the legislation idea for the qualification penalty of our country .First,I Put forward The following ideas for the content of the qualification penalty.First, establishing a scientific standards for qualification penalty,that is qulification penalty is limited in the crime that need certain qualifications to commite.So I suggest to modify the 56th article of our criminal law,which is“for the criminal who commit the crime of endangering state security, the embezzlement and bribery crimes,crime of malfeasance,should be deprived of qualification penalty.”I suggest to delete the 57th provision that for the criminal who is sentenced to death or life imprisonment should be deprived of political qualifications.”Second,developing the system of qualification penalty.one is developing the deprivation of political rights,to modify its appellation as depriving of public rights,to delete the prvisions of depriving of political freedom.Two is providing”deprivation of engaging in certain professional or activities”.Three is providing”qulifications penalty that is used for Legal person.fourth is devloping the rule fo deportation mainly refers to provide deadline and enforcement authorities for it.Third,developing the applicable system of qulification penalty.one is providing the rule of Sub-item depriving in order to enhance its pertinency.Two,provide the rule of cumulative punishment.three,provide the rule of recovery of qualification penalty.Fourth,devoloping the specific provisions of Criminal Law.It mainly means that to redefine the scope of the crimes that can be used of qualification penalty and devoloping the way about providing of it.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D924.1
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2011-03-30
回到顶部