WTO争端解决管辖权法律问题研究

A Reasearch on Some Legal Issues of WTO Dispute Settlment Jurisdiction

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归属学者:

钟英通

归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

钟英通

导师:

徐泉

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

WTO争端解决机制;管辖权;基本内容;发展取向

摘要:

自WTO成立之初,其争端解决机制受到了实务界与学术界普遍赞誉,该机制通过“反向一致”的决策方式形成的事实上的“强制管辖权”是这个争端解决机制最为重要的特点之一。 对于WTO争端解决管辖权问题,国内外学者都还缺乏系统的梳理和研究。例如,有的学者仅关注到了管辖权问题中的一个方面,或者仅从某一个切入点来看待管辖权问题,未能给予全面的探讨;有的尽管总结出与管辖权相关的诸多内容,却未能将其归纳分类,将不同层面的问题混为一谈。这样的现状不得不说是一种缺憾。然而,对WTO争端解决管辖权问题的研究在理论上和实践中都具有重要意义。首先,无论在国际法领域还是在国内法领域,管辖权均是司法机构审理案件的基础,是整个争端解决程序所应解决的首要问题。在WTO争端解决机制中,管辖权就是专家组和上诉机构审理案件的逻辑起点,它直接决定了专家组和上诉机构可以依据那些法律针对哪些问题可以作出决定,进而影响案件的结果。其次,它还涉及到专家组和上诉机构作为司法机构而享有的司法权力的问题,也涉及到成员方经济主权的问题。再次,从国际法治的角度而言,WTO争端解决机制中的管辖权是该机制的一项重要创举,对WTO争端解决中的管辖权问题进行研究对其他国际司法机构的管辖权具有重要的借鉴意义。 通过文献总结和案例分析的方式,本文对与WTO争端解决管辖权相关的一些列重要的理论问题与实践问题予以了关注。一方面,本文以国际法学界有关管辖权问题的理论成果为基础,同时借鉴国内诉讼法学界对法院管辖权问题的探讨,对争端解决管辖权的基本内涵与基本内容进行了全面的总结与归纳。另一方面,本文还特别对上诉机构就其审判实践中面临的管辖权问题作出的回应进行了总结,这对我国参与WTO争端解决程序具有十分重要的借鉴意义。本文拟从以下六个部分展开论述: 引言部分列举了国内外学界以及上诉机构对专家组和上诉机构的管辖权问题的论述,展示了当下学界与实务界对WTO争端解决管辖权问题的研究现状,指出现阶段还缺乏对该问题的系统性研究。 第一部分对WTO争端解决管辖权产生的背景与法律渊源进行了分析。本文并未通过对GATT\WTO体制的演进过程来进行叙述,而是将视野扩展到国际关系领域,充分借鉴了国际关系中“法制化”的概念,指出WTO争端解决管辖权的产生正是国际经济关系逐渐“法制化”这一大趋势的产物。此外,本文还梳理了WTO涵盖协定中所有涉及管辖权问题的条款,明确了管辖权的法律渊源。 第二部分对WTO争端解决管辖权的性质进行了分析,认为其属于国际法意义上的由WTO争端解决机构所享有的强制司法管辖权。本文特别对管辖权的“强制性”进行了澄清,指出WTO争端解决管辖权是自20世纪末以来,国际司法领域所出现的一种从传统的“合意范式(consensual paradigm)”向“强制范式(compulsory paradigm)”的根本性转变的产物,WTO立法者们的目的就是建立一种具有“强制管辖权”的争端解决机制。 第三部分以相关上诉机构报告为基础,对WTO争端解决管辖权的基本内容进行了探讨,按性质将其分为对物管辖权、对人管辖权和属时管辖权。其中对物管辖权包括:对诉求的管辖权、对案件性质的管辖权和对具体争议措施的管辖权。对人管辖权现阶段仅限于WTO成员方,但面临着诸如“法庭之友”等问题带来的新变化。属时管辖权则表明WTO争端解决机制受理案件的时间起点为WTO成立之时。 第四部分则对专家组和上诉机构在争端解决实践中所面临的管辖权问题进行了总结。由于DSU对管辖权问题的规定存在空白或漏洞,专家组和上诉机构必须对这些问题进行澄清,从而丰富了WTO争端解决管辖权的内容。 第五部分探讨了WTO争端解决管辖权的发展取向,提出了针对管辖权制度缺陷的改革建议。

学科:

国际法学

提交日期

2018-01-11

引用参考

钟英通. WTO争端解决管辖权法律问题研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2013.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • WTO争端解决管辖权法律问题研究
  • dc.title
  • A Reasearch on Some Legal Issues of WTO Dispute Settlment Jurisdiction
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20100301090744
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 钟英通
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2013
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 徐泉
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • WTO争端解决机制;;管辖权;;基本内容;;发展取向
  • dc.subject
  • WTO dispute settlement mechanism;;jurisdiction;;basic contents;;the developing trends
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 自WTO成立之初,其争端解决机制受到了实务界与学术界普遍赞誉,该机制通过“反向一致”的决策方式形成的事实上的“强制管辖权”是这个争端解决机制最为重要的特点之一。 对于WTO争端解决管辖权问题,国内外学者都还缺乏系统的梳理和研究。例如,有的学者仅关注到了管辖权问题中的一个方面,或者仅从某一个切入点来看待管辖权问题,未能给予全面的探讨;有的尽管总结出与管辖权相关的诸多内容,却未能将其归纳分类,将不同层面的问题混为一谈。这样的现状不得不说是一种缺憾。然而,对WTO争端解决管辖权问题的研究在理论上和实践中都具有重要意义。首先,无论在国际法领域还是在国内法领域,管辖权均是司法机构审理案件的基础,是整个争端解决程序所应解决的首要问题。在WTO争端解决机制中,管辖权就是专家组和上诉机构审理案件的逻辑起点,它直接决定了专家组和上诉机构可以依据那些法律针对哪些问题可以作出决定,进而影响案件的结果。其次,它还涉及到专家组和上诉机构作为司法机构而享有的司法权力的问题,也涉及到成员方经济主权的问题。再次,从国际法治的角度而言,WTO争端解决机制中的管辖权是该机制的一项重要创举,对WTO争端解决中的管辖权问题进行研究对其他国际司法机构的管辖权具有重要的借鉴意义。 通过文献总结和案例分析的方式,本文对与WTO争端解决管辖权相关的一些列重要的理论问题与实践问题予以了关注。一方面,本文以国际法学界有关管辖权问题的理论成果为基础,同时借鉴国内诉讼法学界对法院管辖权问题的探讨,对争端解决管辖权的基本内涵与基本内容进行了全面的总结与归纳。另一方面,本文还特别对上诉机构就其审判实践中面临的管辖权问题作出的回应进行了总结,这对我国参与WTO争端解决程序具有十分重要的借鉴意义。本文拟从以下六个部分展开论述: 引言部分列举了国内外学界以及上诉机构对专家组和上诉机构的管辖权问题的论述,展示了当下学界与实务界对WTO争端解决管辖权问题的研究现状,指出现阶段还缺乏对该问题的系统性研究。 第一部分对WTO争端解决管辖权产生的背景与法律渊源进行了分析。本文并未通过对GATT\WTO体制的演进过程来进行叙述,而是将视野扩展到国际关系领域,充分借鉴了国际关系中“法制化”的概念,指出WTO争端解决管辖权的产生正是国际经济关系逐渐“法制化”这一大趋势的产物。此外,本文还梳理了WTO涵盖协定中所有涉及管辖权问题的条款,明确了管辖权的法律渊源。 第二部分对WTO争端解决管辖权的性质进行了分析,认为其属于国际法意义上的由WTO争端解决机构所享有的强制司法管辖权。本文特别对管辖权的“强制性”进行了澄清,指出WTO争端解决管辖权是自20世纪末以来,国际司法领域所出现的一种从传统的“合意范式(consensual paradigm)”向“强制范式(compulsory paradigm)”的根本性转变的产物,WTO立法者们的目的就是建立一种具有“强制管辖权”的争端解决机制。 第三部分以相关上诉机构报告为基础,对WTO争端解决管辖权的基本内容进行了探讨,按性质将其分为对物管辖权、对人管辖权和属时管辖权。其中对物管辖权包括:对诉求的管辖权、对案件性质的管辖权和对具体争议措施的管辖权。对人管辖权现阶段仅限于WTO成员方,但面临着诸如“法庭之友”等问题带来的新变化。属时管辖权则表明WTO争端解决机制受理案件的时间起点为WTO成立之时。 第四部分则对专家组和上诉机构在争端解决实践中所面临的管辖权问题进行了总结。由于DSU对管辖权问题的规定存在空白或漏洞,专家组和上诉机构必须对这些问题进行澄清,从而丰富了WTO争端解决管辖权的内容。 第五部分探讨了WTO争端解决管辖权的发展取向,提出了针对管辖权制度缺陷的改革建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • On the foundation of WTO, its dispute settlement mechanism has been appraised bypracticioners and scholars. The decision-making mechanism through negative consensus hasestablished a de facto "compulsory jurisdiction", which is one of the most eminentcharacteristics of the dispute settlement mechanism. So far, there is a lack of systematic and overall researches on the issues of jurisdiction inWTO dispute settlement. Some scholars only focus on one specific aspect of the issues ofjurisdiction or just discuss those from a certain angle without a overall study. Some list allrelative contents about this jurisdiction failing to categorize them on certain standards, evenconfusing contents from different levels. For instance, some scholars hold the position thatjurisdiction in the implemention of recommendations is on the same level where jurisdictionratione materiae, jurisdiction ratione personae and jurisdiction ratione temporis. However theissues of jurisdiction are of both academic and practical importance. First of all, issues ofjurisdiction are the prime ones that people who take part in the dispute settlement mechanismsthrough judicial or arbitration process have to deal with, and also the precondition on which atribunal or arbitral body accept and hear a case. In the WTO dispute settlement jurisdiction isa panel and the Appellate Body's start line of hearing a case, and limit the scope of the matterspanels and the Appellate Body can solve and the law they can apply. Secondly, issues ofjurisdiction relates to what judicial powers panels and the Appellate Body have and also to theMembers' economic sovereignty. Furthermore, as the proliferation of international judicialbodies, the overlaps of jurisdiction between WTO dispute mechanism and other internationaljudicial bodies should also draw our attention. Finally, from the point of international rule oflaw, the jurisdiction of WTO dispute settlement is an eminent creation made by WTO whichhas great effects on the other international judicial bodies. On the basis of relative researchesand analyzing cases, this article focuses on some important academic and practical issues. Onone hand, this article tries to generalize and summarize the meaning and the contents of WTOdispute settlement jurisdiction. On the other hand, this article also summarizes how panelsand the Appellate Body resolve the jurisdictional issues the confront during the disputesettlement procedures, which is of great importance for China's participation in them. Thisarticle is divided into six part: The introduction summrizes and analyzes recent researches on the issues of jurisdiction in the WTO dispute settlement denoting the lack of systematic research on those issues. Part I analyzes the background in which the WTO settlement jurisdiction took shape andthe legal sources of it. This article turns to the concept of legalization from internationalrelations theory instead of describing how the GATT\WTO regime evolved. From the angle oflegalization, the WTO dispute settlement mechanism including its jurisdiction is the result ofthe process of legalization in the international economic relations. Moreover, this article alsosummarizes all the articles in WTO covered agreements about jurisdiction which are the legalsources of the jurisdiction. Part II analyzes the nature of WTO dispute settlement jurisdiction which is a compulsoryjudicial power in the meaning of international law to hear a case and make decisions. It isimportant to point out that this article discerns the compulsoriness of this jurisdiction. Fromthe end of20th century, there is a substantial transformation from consensual paradigm tocompulsory paradigm in the field of international justice. The aim of WTO' s negotiators wasto established a dispute mechanism with compulsory jurisdiction. Part III discusses the basic contents of WTO dispute settlement mechanism according torelative the Appellate Body's reports and categorizes it into jurisdiction ratione materiae,jurisdiction ratione personae and jurisdiction ratione temporis. Specifically the jurisdictionratione materiae consists of jurisdiction over claims, jurisdiction over natures of disputes andjurisdiction over specific measures at issue. The jurisdiction ratione personae is only restrictedto WTO Members, at the same time facing the new changes brought by issues like amicuscuriae. The jurisdiction ratione temporis shows that the WTO dispute settlement mechanismcan only solve disputes which would happen after the foundation of WTO. Part IV analyzes how WTO panels and the Appellate Body dealt with jurisdictionalissues. As a result of flaws of DSU, panels and the Appellate Body had to discern theseunclear articles, which help to complete the jurisdiction system of WTO dispute settlement. Part V discusses the developing trends of WTO dispute settlement jurisdiction andprovides some proposals about completing the jurisdiction system of WTO dispute settlement.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D996.1
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2013-03-20
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