北宋诏狱研究

Imperial Edict Prison in Northern Song Dynasty

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作者:

陈雅婷

导师:

吕志兴

导师单位:

行政法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

北宋;诏狱;司法;杂治;集议

摘要:

中华法系作为世界封建法制的代表,首创了许多特点鲜明的司法制度,诏狱制度就是其中之一。西汉时期,“诏狱”一词首次出现,随即为后世所沿用。北宋时期,统治者总结前朝经验、汲取前朝教训,发展了诏狱制度,使之成为最高统治者维护自身统治的工具。本文以北宋诏狱为研究对象,以其案件审理程序为线索,梳理诏狱在设置、审判和监督各阶段的特点及相应的制度设计,在此基础上深入发掘北宋诏狱的特点及其作用,以期全面客观的评价北宋诏狱。第一部分对诏狱案件进行分析,发现北宋时期的诏狱案件多以“下御史鞫实”、“下御史府按鞫”、“下御史狱”、“事下御使府核实”、“尚书省鞫之”的形式进行表述。在此基础上收集史料,对北宋诏狱形成的原因进行了分类:其一,因人告发形成诏狱;其二,因惹怒皇帝形成诏狱;其三,因朝臣陷害形成诏狱。这一部分注重对具体案件的描述,尽可能全面的还原各个具体的案件。第二部分对北宋诏狱的审判和监督进行分析,发现诏狱审理组织的设置,在宋代被称为:“置狱”、“置院”、“置司”。相较于普通案件,诏狱案件的审理具有审判独立、“大案”杂治、差官录问的特点。诏狱的判决分为“拟判”、“圣裁”两步进行,且二者并无明显先后顺序。为了对诏狱的审判活动进行监督,北宋时期设置了纠察在京刑狱司、审刑院,皇帝经常亲自录囚。第三部分比较了西汉、北宋、明代三朝的诏狱,总结出北宋诏狱具有审理组织临时设置、审讯过程尚属人道、量刑相对宽大三个特点,通过分析这三大特点,本文对北宋诏狱作出评析,其积极作用主要有:诏狱彰显了北宋法制、强化了皇权、在一定程度上减少了冤假错案的发生;其消极作用则表现为:重创了当时的士风、造成了一部分冤假错案。在第四部分结语中,笔者提出北宋诏狱是对北宋社会实际情况的回应,肩负着维护皇权的使命,这是封建时期制度的固有缺陷。在此基础上,笔者还总结了北宋诏狱的历史地位,深入发掘其进步意义,指出北宋诏狱的制度建构和精神内核已经超出了时代限制。

学科:

法律史学

提交日期

2018-04-20

引用参考

陈雅婷. 北宋诏狱研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2017.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 北宋诏狱研究
  • dc.title
  • Imperial Edict Prison in Northern Song Dynasty
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20140301020117
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 陈雅婷
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2017
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 吕志兴
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 北宋;诏狱;司法;杂治;集议
  • dc.subject
  • The Northern Song Dynasty;Imperial edict prison;justice;Co-trial;Collective discussion
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 中华法系作为世界封建法制的代表,首创了许多特点鲜明的司法制度,诏狱制度就是其中之一。西汉时期,“诏狱”一词首次出现,随即为后世所沿用。北宋时期,统治者总结前朝经验、汲取前朝教训,发展了诏狱制度,使之成为最高统治者维护自身统治的工具。本文以北宋诏狱为研究对象,以其案件审理程序为线索,梳理诏狱在设置、审判和监督各阶段的特点及相应的制度设计,在此基础上深入发掘北宋诏狱的特点及其作用,以期全面客观的评价北宋诏狱。第一部分对诏狱案件进行分析,发现北宋时期的诏狱案件多以“下御史鞫实”、“下御史府按鞫”、“下御史狱”、“事下御使府核实”、“尚书省鞫之”的形式进行表述。在此基础上收集史料,对北宋诏狱形成的原因进行了分类:其一,因人告发形成诏狱;其二,因惹怒皇帝形成诏狱;其三,因朝臣陷害形成诏狱。这一部分注重对具体案件的描述,尽可能全面的还原各个具体的案件。第二部分对北宋诏狱的审判和监督进行分析,发现诏狱审理组织的设置,在宋代被称为:“置狱”、“置院”、“置司”。相较于普通案件,诏狱案件的审理具有审判独立、“大案”杂治、差官录问的特点。诏狱的判决分为“拟判”、“圣裁”两步进行,且二者并无明显先后顺序。为了对诏狱的审判活动进行监督,北宋时期设置了纠察在京刑狱司、审刑院,皇帝经常亲自录囚。第三部分比较了西汉、北宋、明代三朝的诏狱,总结出北宋诏狱具有审理组织临时设置、审讯过程尚属人道、量刑相对宽大三个特点,通过分析这三大特点,本文对北宋诏狱作出评析,其积极作用主要有:诏狱彰显了北宋法制、强化了皇权、在一定程度上减少了冤假错案的发生;其消极作用则表现为:重创了当时的士风、造成了一部分冤假错案。在第四部分结语中,笔者提出北宋诏狱是对北宋社会实际情况的回应,肩负着维护皇权的使命,这是封建时期制度的固有缺陷。在此基础上,笔者还总结了北宋诏狱的历史地位,深入发掘其进步意义,指出北宋诏狱的制度建构和精神内核已经超出了时代限制。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • As one of the representatives of the feudal legal system in the world,the Chinese legal system pioneered many distinctive judicial systems.Western Han Dynasty,"imperial edict prison" the first time,then used for later generations.During the Northern Song Dynasty,the rulers learned from the experience of the former dynasty and summed up the teachings of the former dynasty,developed the state of jail and made it the tool of the highest ruler to maintain their own rule.This article takes the jaw as the object of study,with its case procedure as a clue,combs the state and the corresponding system design of the establishment,trial and supervision of the state,and on the basis of this,the author explores the characteristics of the imperial prison system in the Northern Song Dynasty Role,with a view to a comprehensive and objective evaluation of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial edict prison.The article consists of three parts: the introduction and the conclusion.The first part is an analysis of the case,found in the Northern Song Dynasty period of the prison case more with the expression of "under the censor real","under the imperial prefectures ","under the Royal prison"," "under ShangShu",on the basis of the collection of historical data,summed up the reasons for the formation of the case mainly due to informants,because of anger the emperor,because the courtiers framed three.This section focuses on the description of specific cases,as much as possible to restore all the specific cases.The second part of the Northern Song Dynasty jaw prison trial and supervision of the analysis and found that the establishment of the trial prison organization,in the Song Dynasty was called "Zhi yu","Zhi yuan","Zhi si." Compared with the ordinary case,the trial of the imperial edict prison has the characteristics of independent trial,"influence case" mixed rule,the difference between the characteristics of the record.The judge process is divided into two parts: "to be sentenced" and "final decision",and there is no obvious sequence.In order to supervise the trial activities of the imperial prison,the Northern Song Dynasty set up a picket in the Capital city`s Criminal Division,the trial court,the emperor can also personally through prisoners to monitor the way.The third part compares the imperial edict prison of Western Han Dynasty,Northern Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty,and concludes that the Northern Song Dynasty imperial edict prison has the temporary setting of the trial organization.The interrogation process is still humane and the sentencing is relatively forgiveness.By analyzing these three characteristics,Prison to make an evaluation,the positive role of which are: Zhaowang highlight the Northern Song Dynasty legal system,and strengthen the imperial power,to a certain extent,reduce the occurrence of the wrong case;its negative role is as follows: hit the wind at that time,resulting in a part Injustice.In the fourth part of the conclusion,the author put forward the characteristics of the Northern Song Dynasty`s imperial edict prison is the response to the actual situation of the Northern Song Dynasty,shoulder the mission of maintaining the imperial power,which is the inherent defects of the feudal period system.In addition,the author also summarizes the historical status of the imperial edict prison in the Northern Song Dynasty,and deeply explores its progressive significance.It points out that the system construction and spiritual core of the imperial order in the Northern Song Dynasty have exceeded the restriction of the times.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D929
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2017-03-09
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