医疗过错的认定 —以侵权责任法为视角

Identification of Medical Fault —In The Perspective of Tort Liability Act

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归属院系:

刑事侦查学院

作者:

孙燕

导师:

何恬

导师单位:

刑事侦查学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

过错;医疗过错;医疗水准;医疗注意义务;认定标准

摘要:

复杂的医学知识让作为非专业人士的法官难以判断,最后的判决要借助鉴定意见。鉴定意见在案件事实认定上非常重要,司法鉴定制度是诉讼实现程序公正和实体公正不可或缺的基本保障。医疗纠纷的司法鉴定主要围绕医疗过错展开,正确把握医疗过错和建立合理的医疗过错认定制度显得至关重要。《侵权责任法》实施后,对我国医疗纠纷实践产生了重要影响,对出现的新情况、新问题进行研究,指出《侵权责任法》及相关医疗过错认定制度上的缺陷,提出完善意见具有很大的现实意义。本文由五个部分组成:第一部分阐述医疗过错的基本理论。在对一般侵权法理论中的过错理论的认识和把握的基础上分析医疗过错。并理清我国处理医疗纠纷实践中存在的医疗事故,医疗差错,医疗过错三者之间的关系。第二部分:在分析一般侵权过错的认定标准的基础上结合医疗领域的特殊性及《侵权责任法》分析我国医疗过错的认定标准:医疗注意义务。首先理清“医疗注意义务”与“医疗水准”两种理论之间的关系:医疗注意义务与医疗水准是判断医疗过错的关键。在判定医疗错失时应该首先确定是否存在医疗注意义务,然后运用医疗水准来判断是否违反了注意义务(即医疗过错是医疗机构及其医务人员对患者应负的注意义务的违反,注意义务的违反是认定医疗过失的判断标准)。然后结合《侵权责任法》的相关规定分析医疗水准应采纳的标准。第三部分:阐述医疗注意义务的主体,对象,分类,法律渊源及医疗过错的免责事由并重点分析《侵权责任法》关于免责事由的规定及其意义。第四部分:在对医疗注意义务进行类型化分析的基础上,对不同的具体的医疗过错认定标准进行具体分析。将医疗注意义务类型化为七种:强制医疗义务,救助义务,合理诊疗义务,告知和说明义务,尊重患者隐私权义务,转诊义务,医疗产品方面的义务。第五部分:首先分析在《侵权责任法》实施后,我国医疗过错认定制度中仍然存在的缺陷及缺陷存在的原因,然后针对医疗过错认定中存在的问题提出相应的完善建议。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

孙燕. 医疗过错的认定 —以侵权责任法为视角[D]. 西南政法大学,2012.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 医疗过错的认定 —以侵权责任法为视角
  • dc.title
  • Identification of Medical Fault —In The Perspective of Tort Liability Act
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20104102001687
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 孙燕
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 刑事侦查学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2012
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 何恬
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 刑事侦查学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 过错;医疗过错;医疗水准;医疗注意义务;认定标准
  • dc.subject
  • fault;medical fault;medical;standards medical;the duty of care;recognized standards
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 复杂的医学知识让作为非专业人士的法官难以判断,最后的判决要借助鉴定意见。鉴定意见在案件事实认定上非常重要,司法鉴定制度是诉讼实现程序公正和实体公正不可或缺的基本保障。医疗纠纷的司法鉴定主要围绕医疗过错展开,正确把握医疗过错和建立合理的医疗过错认定制度显得至关重要。《侵权责任法》实施后,对我国医疗纠纷实践产生了重要影响,对出现的新情况、新问题进行研究,指出《侵权责任法》及相关医疗过错认定制度上的缺陷,提出完善意见具有很大的现实意义。本文由五个部分组成:第一部分阐述医疗过错的基本理论。在对一般侵权法理论中的过错理论的认识和把握的基础上分析医疗过错。并理清我国处理医疗纠纷实践中存在的医疗事故,医疗差错,医疗过错三者之间的关系。第二部分:在分析一般侵权过错的认定标准的基础上结合医疗领域的特殊性及《侵权责任法》分析我国医疗过错的认定标准:医疗注意义务。首先理清“医疗注意义务”与“医疗水准”两种理论之间的关系:医疗注意义务与医疗水准是判断医疗过错的关键。在判定医疗错失时应该首先确定是否存在医疗注意义务,然后运用医疗水准来判断是否违反了注意义务(即医疗过错是医疗机构及其医务人员对患者应负的注意义务的违反,注意义务的违反是认定医疗过失的判断标准)。然后结合《侵权责任法》的相关规定分析医疗水准应采纳的标准。第三部分:阐述医疗注意义务的主体,对象,分类,法律渊源及医疗过错的免责事由并重点分析《侵权责任法》关于免责事由的规定及其意义。第四部分:在对医疗注意义务进行类型化分析的基础上,对不同的具体的医疗过错认定标准进行具体分析。将医疗注意义务类型化为七种:强制医疗义务,救助义务,合理诊疗义务,告知和说明义务,尊重患者隐私权义务,转诊义务,医疗产品方面的义务。第五部分:首先分析在《侵权责任法》实施后,我国医疗过错认定制度中仍然存在的缺陷及缺陷存在的原因,然后针对医疗过错认定中存在的问题提出相应的完善建议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Complex medical knowledge is difficult to judge who as a non-professionals, the final judgment must rely on expert opinion. Expert opinion in determining the fact is very important,judicial identification system is the basic indispensable guarantee of procedural justice and substantive justice to achieve.The judicial identification of medical dispute is mainly on the judgment of medical fault,so it is crucial that to correctly understanding the connotation of medical fault and establish reasonable recognize standards of medical fault.The implementation of the Tort Liability Act has a significant impact on the practice medical dispute.To study new situations and new problems,pointed out defects of Tort Liability Act and related medical fault finds system,put forward a sound advice has great practical significance.The article has five parts:The first part is basic theory of the medical fault.Analysis medical fault on the basis of understanding and grasping the fault theory of tort law and clarify the relationship between medical malpractice, medical errors and medical fault.The second part:This part combination the medical field feature and Tort Liability Act,think the appraisal standard of medical fault is whether the violation of medical duty of care.First sort out the relationship between medical duty of care and medical standard:they are steps to judge medical fault. To judgment of Medical Fault.First judge whether there is a medical duty of care,then use medical standards Judgment whether the breach of duty of care(Medical fault is medical institutions and their medical staff not completely fulfill the responsibility to patient.)Then analysis the recognize standards of medical fault should adopt combined Tort Liability Act relevant provisions.The third part:Elaborate the subject,object,classification,sources of law of medical duty of care and exemptions of medical fault.Focus on analysis the exemption clause of Tort Liability Act and its significance,The fourth part:first summarize the type of medical duty of care.Second analyze the recognize standard of different medical fault types.Medical duty of care is divided into seven kinds:compulsory medical obligations,rescue obligations and reasonable treatment obligation,inform and explain the obligations to respect patient privacy obligations,referral obligations,obligation of medical products.The fifth part:At first analysis defects that has existed medical fault identification system and its reasons after implementation of the Tort Liability Act.Then in the light of these problems,put forward the corresponding improvement suggestion.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D(9)
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-16
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2012-05-20
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目录内容摘要................................................................................................................................................................................... 4目录............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7引言............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9一、过错的基础理论............................................................................................................................................................ 9(一)侵权法上的过错...................................................................................................................................................... 9(二)医疗过错................................................................................................................................................................. 12二、医疗过错的认定标准................................................................................................................................................ 13(一)侵权法上过错的认定标准.................................................................................................................................. 13(二)我国医疗侵权过错认定标准.............................................................................................................................. 14三、医疗注意义务.............................................................................................................................................................. 17(一)注意义务的主体.................................................................................................................................................... 17(二)注意义务的对象.................................................................................................................................................... 18(三)注意义务的分类.................................................................................................................................................... 19(四)注意义务的法律渊源........................................................................................................................................... 19⒈法律明文规定的诊疗规范...................................................................................................................................... 20⒉医疗行业的行业技术标准...................................................................................................................................... 20⒊医疗行业习惯和医德............................................................................................................................................... 20(五)免责事由................................................................................................................................................................. 20⒈医疗意外..................................................................................................................................................................... 21⒉患方的知情同意........................................................................................................................................................ 21⒊容许性医疗风险........................................................................................................................................................ 21⒋正当职务行为............................................................................................................................................................ 22⒌患方的过错................................................................................................................................................................ 22四、注意义务的内容.......................................................................................................................................................... 23(一)强制医疗义务........................................................................................................................................................ 24(二)救助义务................................................................................................................................................................. 24(三)合理诊疗义务........................................................................................................................................................ 24(四)告知和说明义务.................................................................................................................................................... 25(五)尊重患者隐私权义务........................................................................................................................................... 28(六)转诊义务................................................................................................................................................................. 28(七)医疗产品方面的义务........................................................................................................................................... 29五、医疗过错认定制度的完善....................................................................................................................................... 29(一)我国医疗过错认定制度的现状.......................................................................................................................... 30⒈医疗过错认定的二元化模式.................................................................................................................................. 30⒉存在多次,重复鉴定............................................................................................................................................... 31⒊医学专家的资质无统一的规范.............................................................................................................................. 31⒋法官过分依赖鉴定意见........................................................................................................................................... 32⒌鉴定意见的质证、认证形式化.............................................................................................................................. 32⒍鉴定人的责任制度欠缺........................................................................................................................................... 33(二)我国医疗过错认定制度的完善.......................................................................................................................... 33⒈明确鉴定范围............................................................................................................................................................ 33⒉构建合理的司法鉴定人准入制度......................................................................................................................... 33⒊法官介入鉴定程序................................................................................................................................................... 35⒋合理分配鉴定启动权,限制鉴定次数................................................................................................................. 35⒌强化鉴定人出庭接受质询制度.............................................................................................................................. 35⒍完善鉴定人的责任制度........................................................................................................................................... 36
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