附条件不起诉制度实证研究——以某基层检察院为视角

Empirical Study on the System of Conditional Non-prosecution

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

王秀珍

导师:

李昌林

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

附条件不起诉;实证研究;实践效果;障碍;制度构建

摘要:

已有研究成果从纯理论的角度进行研究的居多,从实证的角度进行研究的尚不多见。本文通过对C市基层检察院的实证考察,通过阐述其运行的现状和取得的实际效果,分析其存在的问题及原因,并比较和借鉴我国其他基层检察院试点经验以及域外相关制度的立法和实践,进而提出完善我国附条件不起诉制度的建议。本文除引言和结语外,正文由四部分组成,约三万字。第一部分阐述J检察院附条件不起诉制度构成。J检察院的附条件不起诉,主要包括适用范围、所附条件、考察机制、适用程序、附条件不起诉决定的效力、内部监督制约机制等方面的内容。J检察院附条件不起诉的适用范围是可能被判处三年以下有期徒刑刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人。所附的条件包括对被害人损失作出赔偿或补偿;遵守法律法规,服从所在单位、社区的帮教;按照考察机关的规定定期报告自己的思想状况,系未成年人的法定监护人需要定期向考察机关汇报子女的思想状况;离开所居住的市、县或者迁居,应当报考察机关批准;完成检察机关制定的任务或参与一定社会公益活动。检察院推行的附条件不起诉,考察主体是检察机关,考察期限为三个月以上一年以下。附条件不起诉的适用程序包括启动程序、听证程序、决定程序、考察帮教、附条件不起诉决定的处理、附条件不起诉救济。附条件不起诉一旦生效,侦查活动和审查起诉活动终止,犯罪嫌疑人解除强制措施,有财物被扣押的,应立即解除扣押并发还。检察院通过制定内部工作文件和上级检察院备案审查,对附条件不起诉进行内部监督制约。第二部分论述J检察院附条件不起诉制度的运行情况。2007年—2011年,J检察院受理的案件数和案件总人数总体呈上升趋势。这些案件中,轻微刑事案件占60% 左右。但不起诉适用率低,每年都在2%、3%之间。起诉以后被宣告缓刑的在20%左右。未成年人犯罪案件占检察院受理案件总数的比例较大,且主要涉嫌“两抢一盗”案件。J检察院于2010年初开始推行附条件不起诉制度,至2011年9月适用案件有15件28人,其中9件18人已帮教考察结束并作出微罪不起诉处理,其余6件10人已作出附条件不起诉决定,现处于考察阶段。附条件不起诉的案件主要集中在盗窃案和故意伤害案,适用对象主要以未成年人和在校大学生等特殊群体为主,考察期限一般都是六个月,对所有被附条件不起诉的犯罪嫌疑人都采取采取保候审。在这些案件中,被害人都出具了书2面谅解意见,犯罪嫌疑人都积极的赔偿或补偿被害人的损失。J检察院在实践中,严格把握适用对象范围、案件范围,注意针对犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪性质、身份、年龄、能力等情况制定因人而异的考察义务,突出适用程序的规范与透明,强化内部监督制约机制。附条件不起诉,有利于犯罪嫌疑人回归社会、节约司法资源、有利于被害人利益的保护和弥补我国不起诉体系的不足。第三部分分析附条件不起诉运行中存在的障碍。检察院附条件不起诉主要存在以下障碍:一是附条件不起诉制度的法律依据缺失。二是附条件不起诉与酌定不起诉的适用界限模糊。主要体现在适用范围上,两者之间存在“模糊地带”,如果不进行界定,对犯罪嫌疑人不公平,且易造成公诉权滥用。三是附条件不起诉所附条件存在一定的随意性,需要进一步规范。四是附条件不起诉与不起诉考评考核机制冲突。不起诉率是不起诉考核的重要指标,这使附条件不起诉的适用受到了限制。五是调查机制、评估机制和考察帮教机制等配套措施缺失。第四部分针对J检察院附条件不起诉运行中存在的障碍,提出完善附条件不起制度的具体建议。一是明确规定附条件不起诉适用的对象为未成年人、在校大学生、老年人、孕妇、聋哑人和盲人等残疾人,适用的条件应与酌定不起诉、提起公诉区别、衔接。二是合理设定附条件不起诉的所附条件,根据犯罪嫌疑人的具体情况和考察效果设定一般义务和特殊义务。四是设定合理的考察期限。考察期限以六个月至二年为宜。五是明确附条件不起诉决定的效力。附条不起诉决定一经生效,即产生如下效果:(1)审查起诉程序终止;(2)追诉时效中止计算;(3)解除强制措施,释放在押犯罪嫌疑人,解除扣押的财产。考察期满且未经撤销的,检察机关作出不起诉决定,产生与酌定不起诉决定同样的法律效力。考察期内实施新罪、发现漏罪、严重违反考验期间应当遵守的规定的,撤销附条件不起诉决定。六是强化附条件不起诉的监督、制约机制,主要包括公安机关的复议及复核权、被害人的申诉权及准起诉权、犯罪嫌疑人申诉权和上级检察机关的备查。七是建立附条件不起诉制度的配套措施。包括在导入刑事和解机制,建立调查、评估机制、听证制度,完善考察帮教机制和不起诉考核考评机制。

参考文献:

63

学科:

诉讼法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

王秀珍. 附条件不起诉制度实证研究——以某基层检察院为视角[D]. 西南政法大学,2012.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 附条件不起诉制度实证研究——以某基层检察院为视角
  • dc.title
  • Empirical Study on the System of Conditional Non-prosecution
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20090301230876
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王秀珍
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2012
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李昌林
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 附条件不起诉;实证研究;实践效果;障碍;制度构建
  • dc.subject
  • Conditional Non-prosecution;Empirical Research;Practical Effect;Barriers;System Construction
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 已有研究成果从纯理论的角度进行研究的居多,从实证的角度进行研究的尚不多见。本文通过对C市基层检察院的实证考察,通过阐述其运行的现状和取得的实际效果,分析其存在的问题及原因,并比较和借鉴我国其他基层检察院试点经验以及域外相关制度的立法和实践,进而提出完善我国附条件不起诉制度的建议。本文除引言和结语外,正文由四部分组成,约三万字。第一部分阐述J检察院附条件不起诉制度构成。J检察院的附条件不起诉,主要包括适用范围、所附条件、考察机制、适用程序、附条件不起诉决定的效力、内部监督制约机制等方面的内容。J检察院附条件不起诉的适用范围是可能被判处三年以下有期徒刑刑罚的犯罪嫌疑人。所附的条件包括对被害人损失作出赔偿或补偿;遵守法律法规,服从所在单位、社区的帮教;按照考察机关的规定定期报告自己的思想状况,系未成年人的法定监护人需要定期向考察机关汇报子女的思想状况;离开所居住的市、县或者迁居,应当报考察机关批准;完成检察机关制定的任务或参与一定社会公益活动。检察院推行的附条件不起诉,考察主体是检察机关,考察期限为三个月以上一年以下。附条件不起诉的适用程序包括启动程序、听证程序、决定程序、考察帮教、附条件不起诉决定的处理、附条件不起诉救济。附条件不起诉一旦生效,侦查活动和审查起诉活动终止,犯罪嫌疑人解除强制措施,有财物被扣押的,应立即解除扣押并发还。检察院通过制定内部工作文件和上级检察院备案审查,对附条件不起诉进行内部监督制约。第二部分论述J检察院附条件不起诉制度的运行情况。2007年—2011年,J检察院受理的案件数和案件总人数总体呈上升趋势。这些案件中,轻微刑事案件占60% 左右。但不起诉适用率低,每年都在2%、3%之间。起诉以后被宣告缓刑的在20%左右。未成年人犯罪案件占检察院受理案件总数的比例较大,且主要涉嫌“两抢一盗”案件。J检察院于2010年初开始推行附条件不起诉制度,至2011年9月适用案件有15件28人,其中9件18人已帮教考察结束并作出微罪不起诉处理,其余6件10人已作出附条件不起诉决定,现处于考察阶段。附条件不起诉的案件主要集中在盗窃案和故意伤害案,适用对象主要以未成年人和在校大学生等特殊群体为主,考察期限一般都是六个月,对所有被附条件不起诉的犯罪嫌疑人都采取采取保候审。在这些案件中,被害人都出具了书2面谅解意见,犯罪嫌疑人都积极的赔偿或补偿被害人的损失。J检察院在实践中,严格把握适用对象范围、案件范围,注意针对犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪性质、身份、年龄、能力等情况制定因人而异的考察义务,突出适用程序的规范与透明,强化内部监督制约机制。附条件不起诉,有利于犯罪嫌疑人回归社会、节约司法资源、有利于被害人利益的保护和弥补我国不起诉体系的不足。第三部分分析附条件不起诉运行中存在的障碍。检察院附条件不起诉主要存在以下障碍:一是附条件不起诉制度的法律依据缺失。二是附条件不起诉与酌定不起诉的适用界限模糊。主要体现在适用范围上,两者之间存在“模糊地带”,如果不进行界定,对犯罪嫌疑人不公平,且易造成公诉权滥用。三是附条件不起诉所附条件存在一定的随意性,需要进一步规范。四是附条件不起诉与不起诉考评考核机制冲突。不起诉率是不起诉考核的重要指标,这使附条件不起诉的适用受到了限制。五是调查机制、评估机制和考察帮教机制等配套措施缺失。第四部分针对J检察院附条件不起诉运行中存在的障碍,提出完善附条件不起制度的具体建议。一是明确规定附条件不起诉适用的对象为未成年人、在校大学生、老年人、孕妇、聋哑人和盲人等残疾人,适用的条件应与酌定不起诉、提起公诉区别、衔接。二是合理设定附条件不起诉的所附条件,根据犯罪嫌疑人的具体情况和考察效果设定一般义务和特殊义务。四是设定合理的考察期限。考察期限以六个月至二年为宜。五是明确附条件不起诉决定的效力。附条不起诉决定一经生效,即产生如下效果:(1)审查起诉程序终止;(2)追诉时效中止计算;(3)解除强制措施,释放在押犯罪嫌疑人,解除扣押的财产。考察期满且未经撤销的,检察机关作出不起诉决定,产生与酌定不起诉决定同样的法律效力。考察期内实施新罪、发现漏罪、严重违反考验期间应当遵守的规定的,撤销附条件不起诉决定。六是强化附条件不起诉的监督、制约机制,主要包括公安机关的复议及复核权、被害人的申诉权及准起诉权、犯罪嫌疑人申诉权和上级检察机关的备查。七是建立附条件不起诉制度的配套措施。包括在导入刑事和解机制,建立调查、评估机制、听证制度,完善考察帮教机制和不起诉考核考评机制。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The majority of existing research results is from a purely theoretical point of view, a few is from an empirical perspective. In this paper, empirical study on Conditional Non-prosecution of the People’s procurator ate of C city, by described its running status and actual Results, analyzed the problems and causes,and compared and learned from practical experience of other skeleton Procurator antes and extra-territorial system of legislation and practice, then put forward the proposal to improve China's system of non-prosecution of additional conditions.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the body consists of four parts, about 30,000 words.The first part describes the structure of institutions of conditional non-prosecution in the People’s procurator ate of County.It includes scope of application, additional conditions, investigation mechanism,and procedure of application, the effect of conditional non-prosecution, interior supervision and restriction mechanism, and so on. Its applicable scope is that could be sentenced to blow three years imprisonment penalty. The attached conditions include: The suspect compensate for loss to the victim; Abide by relative laws and regulations, Obey help and education of the unit and community; Report his/her state of mind according to inspecting organs; The legal guardian of a minor must report their child’s state of mind for inspection authorities; To leave the living city and county or migration should be reported to the observing organ for approval; Completion of the tasks developed by the procurator ate or participate in some social welfare activities. Procuratorial organ is the inspection subjects, and the inspection period is three months to one year. The application procedure of the non-prosecution of additional conditions includes start-up procedures, hearing procedures, decision-making process, inspection assistance and education, the handler of the decision, relief procedure. If the decision of Conditional Non-prosecution enters into force, the investigation activities and review of prosecutorial activities are finished, and the suspects relieve compulsory measure, and the property should be immediately removed lien and refunded. In the People’s procurator ate of County, interior supervision and restriction mechanism includes the development of internal working document and recording review of the procurator ate at higher levels.2The second part discusses the operation conditions of conditional non-prosecution in the People’s procurator ate of County. From 2007 to 2011, the quantities of case acceptance and the total number of case people had a rising trend. In these cases, Minor Criminal Cases accounts for about 60%.But there exists the low rate of non-prosecution, which is between 2% and 3% every year. Probation sentence accounts for about 20% after the prosecution. the proportion of Juvenile delinquency cases is higher, and "Robbery and Theft" cases Accounts for the main. In early 2010, J Procurator ate began to carry out the conditional non-prosecution. To September 2011,it apply to 15 cases 28 people, including 9 pieces of 18 people has" investigation and make venial offense no prosecution, and the other 5 pieces of 10 people has made conditional non prosecution decision, which is now in the investigation stage. Conditional non-prosecution cases are mainly concentrated in the theft and willful injury case. It mainly applied to special groups such as minors and college students. In generally, the inspection period is generally six months, and the conditional non-prosecutions of crime suspect take guaranteed pending trial. In these cases, the victim issued a written memorandum of understanding views; the suspect actively Compensates or remedies the victim's loss. In Practice, J Procurator ate strictly control the scope of the applicable objects and the scope of the case; the inspection obligations vary according to the suspect's criminal nature, identity, age, ability, etc; Highlight application transparent, standardized and transparent; strengthen the internal supervisory mechanism. The conditional non-prosecution is conducive to the return to society of criminal suspects, saving judicial resources, protecting of the interests of victims, and to make up for China's non-prosecution system.The third part analyzes the obstacles in conditional non-prosecution’s operation, which is according to its operation situation of the second part. The following obstacles: First, the system of conditional non-prosecution is lack of legal basis; Secondly, the application boundary is fuzzy between discretionary non-prosecution and conditional non-prosecution, and if is not defined, it is unfair to the suspect, and is easy to cause the abuse of public prosecution. Third, the condition of conditional non-prosecution exist a certain degree of arbitrariness, which need to further standardize. Fourth, there is a conflict between conditional non-prosecution and the evaluation mechanism. The prosecution rate is an important indicator of the non-prosecution assessment, which limits the application of conditional non-prosecution. Fifth, it is lack of supporting measures, such as investigation mechanism, the evaluation mechanism and study assistance and education mechanism.3The fourth part puts forward specific proposals to improve the system of conditional non-prosecution, which is according to the third part. First, the applicable object is minors, college students, the elderly, pregnant women, the disabled such as the deaf and blind, and its applicable conditions must be different with discretionary non-prosecution and prosecution. Secondly, it is reasonably set general and special obligations for the conditional non-prosecution, which it is according to the specific circumstances of the suspect and investigated effect. Fourth, set a reasonable inspection period, and inspection period is appropriately to set six months to two years. Fifth, must define the effectiveness of conditional non-prosecution. The decision of conditional non-prosecution enters into force, which produce the following effects:(1)the examination and prosecution proceedings are terminated;(2) suspend the Limitation of Prosecution; (3) lift coercive measures, and release Suspected Criminal, and lift the seized property. After the expedition, if the procuratorial organs make the decision of non-prosecution, which produce the same legal effect with discretionary non-prosecution. During the review period, if he/she implements the new crimes, or is found Lou zui, or seriously breach the provisions which should be complied with, the decision of conditional non-prosecution will be revoked. Sixth, strengthen supervision of the system of conditional non-prosecution, including reconsideration and review rights of the public security organs, the victim's right to appeal and quasi-right to sue, criminal suspects right to appeal and the superior of the Procurator ate at Higher Levels. Seventh, establish Supporting measures to the conditional non-prosecution system, including criminal reconciliation mechanisms, the establishment survey, evaluation mechanism, the hearing system, perfect inspection admonishing mechanism and examination evaluation mechanism of non-prosecution.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D916
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-18
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2012-04-25
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 63
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