曹魏律章句研究——以如淳《汉书》注为视角

Wei law the Chapters studies - such as Chun Han Note Perspective

传播影响力
本库下载频次:
本库浏览频次:
CNKI下载频次:0

归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

梁健

导师:

龙大轩

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

如淳 《汉书》注 曹魏 律章句学 经学 法律史

摘要:

汉魏晋间的律学,向为学者所重。几乎所有的课题,都有研究成果面世。遗感的是,虽然做了大量的工作,使我们对律学在汉魏晋时期的发展、演变有了新的认识,但也并达到“题无剩义”,仍有不少值得补充、推敲、更正之处,亦同样有被人遗忘之角落。魏晋律章句学者便是这样一个角落。笔者以曹魏陈郡丞如淳及其《汉书》注为视角,通过搜集、考辨其《汉书》注中大量的礼律注释,来探讨这个后世只曾引其注说,却不曾证苴名份之律章句学者的律章句学研习情况,及其对保存“律说”之贡献,从而窥视曹魏律章句学的研习与传承。全文共设为六章。 第一章如淳及其《汉书》注,在这一部分,笔者根据文献资料对如淳的生平进行概述,介绍了史学界、法律史学界对如淳及其《汉书》注的认识,并且进行了三则辨正。笔者着重论述了如淳的任官及其律令基础,认为其身为郡丞是有律令基础的,若不对两汉政制有一定了解,并且熟知律令,很难对《汉书》中众多律令典章制度详加解释,在这些解释当中如淳引律说甚多,功劳大矣,堪称保存汉魏律章句之最大功臣。最后笔者还对如淳《汉书》注的存世状况进行概述,主要是一系列的数据统计。笔者认为如淳《汉书》注具体包括:阐明《汉书》文义,引申发挥;辨析《汉书》疑难词义,指明异同;校勘《汉书》文字,考证古音,标注今音;广征博引,借以申明己见;叙事考史,记述古今地理;以今释古,考证名物,解制明典。对于如淳《汉书》注的风格,笔者认为其是在经学的大背景下,一方面借助了经注的训诂方法,继承了经学注释的传统来完成注史之目的,另一方面借助了大量的律(令)文注释,以完成注史当中释典章、释制度、释律令的任务,因此又包含着律注的因子。 第二章如淳《汉书》注引汉魏律说考辨,此章分为两部分,第一部分是对如淳《汉书》注引“律说”辨析,主要是搜集如淳所引律说。如淳引“律说”,治汉律者早有关注,程树德曾寻得6条,沈家本考证得1条,笔者于《汉书》注中又辨得1条,故如淳凡引“律说”8条,笔者在搜集如淳注引律说的同时,于其他史料中辑得2条新律说,亦一同辨之。第二部分是对如淳引‘律说”内容的逐条辨析。笔者认为目前对研究汉魏律章句大有裨益的是如下三种类型:程树德范式,其研究方法主要是通过对史料的搜集、整理。沈家本范式,其通过考证以“说”为“律说”,也可说是一种先见。大庭脩备范式,其通过对文献中某些涉律的注文进行考证,特别是如淳注进行研究,得出史籍中所引某些汉律佚文,可能就是律说的结论。 第三章如淳《汉书》律令、礼制注释考辨。笔者认为如淳不仅通过《汉书》注给后人陈述、阐释、还原了汉代的政治、法律、礼仪制度,更通过《汉书》注彰显了他的学术地位与价值。若没有如淳对《汉书》中众多礼律制度的注释与补充,若《汉书》没有这个注释的阶梯,后人尤其是今人就不可能比较顺利地读懂其中的某些词句,我们对《汉书》的理解、对汉代政治、律令、礼仪制度的理解,对汉代社会的了解都远远达不到今天所能达到的程度。如淳《汉书》注亦无愧于“史之功臣,古之益友”。如淳对《汉书》中所涉及的众多律令典章制度、礼仪都进行了广泛的注释,笔者将其分为具律类注文、罪名类注文、刑名类注文、事律类注文、官职类注文、军法类注文、狱讼类注文、监狱类注文、礼制类注文九大类,凡441条,笔者将此九大类文各结表示之,以明类别,并逐表对注文进行了考辨。 第四章如淳《汉书》注引律对近世汉魏律研究的贡献,此部分笔者以程树德《汉律考》为例,认为如淳《汉书》注中的礼物律注是《汉律考》所援据的一组重要史料,倘若没有如淳《汉书》注,《汉律考》即便成珠,也会缺乏一丝闪亮。因为在如淳的《汉书》注里保存着大量的汉魏间的法律史料,正是这些史料,特别是程树德通过收集如淳注所辑得的律说,成为后人研究汉魏律学的直接材料。笔者共辑得《汉律考》所引如淳《汉书》注凡91处(其中错误3处)。可以说,如淳引律注是对后世的秦汉魏法律制度研究是有极大贡献的,对于研究汉魏律章句学也是有重大的文献参考价值。笔者尚对《汉律考》错引如淳注进行了三则辨正。 第五章如淳《汉书》注与曹魏律章句学,笔者论述了三个问题。第一,从如淳《汉书》注看其对律章句学之研习。魏晋时期律章句学虽然式微,而文本仍存,研习律章句或对其有研究、掌握的仍不乏其人。以如淳为代表的《汉书》注家都是对律章句学有研习与掌握之人,都可以称之为魏晋时期的律章句学者。魏晋律章句学者迎合了当时史学史注的独立与发达,以律(律文、令)或者法律注释(律章句)来注释史书,在保持引律注经、经律互注的传统的基础上,开创出引律注史的范式。如此,既成就了这些学者史注家的地位,又可谓为律章句学的传承开出了一条他山之路;而这些律章句学者的史书注释(主要指《汉书》注)则又是律章句传承的他山之石。第二,笔者认为如淳克服注史之难,引律注史之难而彰显其史学之才,成就其律章句学之才。如淳的礼律注释成就了其《汉书》注,是其律章句学者之地位成就了其史家、注释家之地位。律学并非仅仅是律家之学,更是众多研习律令者之学,要全面认识中国古代的律学,还必须充分认识到历代都有许多并非律家的律学研习者所作的杰出贡献。第三,笔者探讨了律章句学在魏晋时期的传承,认为律学与史学的同源,使魏晋律章句在消沉之后,寻找学术之“因缘”,提供了一个先天性的导向。经学对律学、史学之影响,为律学注释与历史注释之结合,奠定了方法上的共性。经史分途,史学独立,史注发达,为律章句渐废之后提供了学术上的“栖息”之处。 第六章附论,笔者着重从经学的角度探讨律章句的一统与废除。在研究律章句兴起与发展的时候,学界总会将其与经学联系在一起,但对其归宿的研究,却又往往离开了经学这一孕育它的母体,即对但用郑氏律章句的原因分析没有结合经学。当辨明的是:东汉以来出现的章句简约删减之风对一统律章句有影响,魏晋群经传注渐归于一,是在经学方面对律学但用郑氏章句之学术环境诱导。第二,对律章句的废除,学界多归因于律章句自身弊病,但对律章句所存之学术与政治环境缺乏分析。要辨明的是:从汉末开始经学内部出现的对郑学的驳难是导火线;郑学与王学之争是添加剂;王肃依党司马氏,大立其学排斥郑学是在学术上终结郑学独霸之动力。这三个原因可说是废止郑氏章句的外因。据此,笔者认为:律章句,成也经学,废也经学。

学科:

法律史学

提交日期:

2019-04-11

引用参考:

梁健. 曹魏律章句研究——以如淳《汉书》注为视角[D]. ,2007.

全文附件授权许可:

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 曹魏律章句研究——以如淳《汉书》注为视角
  • dc.title
  • Wei law the Chapters studies - such as Chun Han Note Perspective
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 2004044
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 梁健
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2007
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 龙大轩
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 如淳 《汉书》注 曹魏 律章句学 经学 法律史
  • dc.subject
  • If Chun "Han" Note Cao Wei Law Commentary Studies Confucian law Legal history
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 汉魏晋间的律学,向为学者所重。几乎所有的课题,都有研究成果面世。遗感的是,虽然做了大量的工作,使我们对律学在汉魏晋时期的发展、演变有了新的认识,但也并达到“题无剩义”,仍有不少值得补充、推敲、更正之处,亦同样有被人遗忘之角落。魏晋律章句学者便是这样一个角落。笔者以曹魏陈郡丞如淳及其《汉书》注为视角,通过搜集、考辨其《汉书》注中大量的礼律注释,来探讨这个后世只曾引其注说,却不曾证苴名份之律章句学者的律章句学研习情况,及其对保存“律说”之贡献,从而窥视曹魏律章句学的研习与传承。全文共设为六章。 第一章如淳及其《汉书》注,在这一部分,笔者根据文献资料对如淳的生平进行概述,介绍了史学界、法律史学界对如淳及其《汉书》注的认识,并且进行了三则辨正。笔者着重论述了如淳的任官及其律令基础,认为其身为郡丞是有律令基础的,若不对两汉政制有一定了解,并且熟知律令,很难对《汉书》中众多律令典章制度详加解释,在这些解释当中如淳引律说甚多,功劳大矣,堪称保存汉魏律章句之最大功臣。最后笔者还对如淳《汉书》注的存世状况进行概述,主要是一系列的数据统计。笔者认为如淳《汉书》注具体包括:阐明《汉书》文义,引申发挥;辨析《汉书》疑难词义,指明异同;校勘《汉书》文字,考证古音,标注今音;广征博引,借以申明己见;叙事考史,记述古今地理;以今释古,考证名物,解制明典。对于如淳《汉书》注的风格,笔者认为其是在经学的大背景下,一方面借助了经注的训诂方法,继承了经学注释的传统来完成注史之目的,另一方面借助了大量的律(令)文注释,以完成注史当中释典章、释制度、释律令的任务,因此又包含着律注的因子。 第二章如淳《汉书》注引汉魏律说考辨,此章分为两部分,第一部分是对如淳《汉书》注引“律说”辨析,主要是搜集如淳所引律说。如淳引“律说”,治汉律者早有关注,程树德曾寻得6条,沈家本考证得1条,笔者于《汉书》注中又辨得1条,故如淳凡引“律说”8条,笔者在搜集如淳注引律说的同时,于其他史料中辑得2条新律说,亦一同辨之。第二部分是对如淳引‘律说”内容的逐条辨析。笔者认为目前对研究汉魏律章句大有裨益的是如下三种类型:程树德范式,其研究方法主要是通过对史料的搜集、整理。沈家本范式,其通过考证以“说”为“律说”,也可说是一种先见。大庭脩备范式,其通过对文献中某些涉律的注文进行考证,特别是如淳注进行研究,得出史籍中所引某些汉律佚文,可能就是律说的结论。 第三章如淳《汉书》律令、礼制注释考辨。笔者认为如淳不仅通过《汉书》注给后人陈述、阐释、还原了汉代的政治、法律、礼仪制度,更通过《汉书》注彰显了他的学术地位与价值。若没有如淳对《汉书》中众多礼律制度的注释与补充,若《汉书》没有这个注释的阶梯,后人尤其是今人就不可能比较顺利地读懂其中的某些词句,我们对《汉书》的理解、对汉代政治、律令、礼仪制度的理解,对汉代社会的了解都远远达不到今天所能达到的程度。如淳《汉书》注亦无愧于“史之功臣,古之益友”。如淳对《汉书》中所涉及的众多律令典章制度、礼仪都进行了广泛的注释,笔者将其分为具律类注文、罪名类注文、刑名类注文、事律类注文、官职类注文、军法类注文、狱讼类注文、监狱类注文、礼制类注文九大类,凡441条,笔者将此九大类文各结表示之,以明类别,并逐表对注文进行了考辨。 第四章如淳《汉书》注引律对近世汉魏律研究的贡献,此部分笔者以程树德《汉律考》为例,认为如淳《汉书》注中的礼物律注是《汉律考》所援据的一组重要史料,倘若没有如淳《汉书》注,《汉律考》即便成珠,也会缺乏一丝闪亮。因为在如淳的《汉书》注里保存着大量的汉魏间的法律史料,正是这些史料,特别是程树德通过收集如淳注所辑得的律说,成为后人研究汉魏律学的直接材料。笔者共辑得《汉律考》所引如淳《汉书》注凡91处(其中错误3处)。可以说,如淳引律注是对后世的秦汉魏法律制度研究是有极大贡献的,对于研究汉魏律章句学也是有重大的文献参考价值。笔者尚对《汉律考》错引如淳注进行了三则辨正。 第五章如淳《汉书》注与曹魏律章句学,笔者论述了三个问题。第一,从如淳《汉书》注看其对律章句学之研习。魏晋时期律章句学虽然式微,而文本仍存,研习律章句或对其有研究、掌握的仍不乏其人。以如淳为代表的《汉书》注家都是对律章句学有研习与掌握之人,都可以称之为魏晋时期的律章句学者。魏晋律章句学者迎合了当时史学史注的独立与发达,以律(律文、令)或者法律注释(律章句)来注释史书,在保持引律注经、经律互注的传统的基础上,开创出引律注史的范式。如此,既成就了这些学者史注家的地位,又可谓为律章句学的传承开出了一条他山之路;而这些律章句学者的史书注释(主要指《汉书》注)则又是律章句传承的他山之石。第二,笔者认为如淳克服注史之难,引律注史之难而彰显其史学之才,成就其律章句学之才。如淳的礼律注释成就了其《汉书》注,是其律章句学者之地位成就了其史家、注释家之地位。律学并非仅仅是律家之学,更是众多研习律令者之学,要全面认识中国古代的律学,还必须充分认识到历代都有许多并非律家的律学研习者所作的杰出贡献。第三,笔者探讨了律章句学在魏晋时期的传承,认为律学与史学的同源,使魏晋律章句在消沉之后,寻找学术之“因缘”,提供了一个先天性的导向。经学对律学、史学之影响,为律学注释与历史注释之结合,奠定了方法上的共性。经史分途,史学独立,史注发达,为律章句渐废之后提供了学术上的“栖息”之处。 第六章附论,笔者着重从经学的角度探讨律章句的一统与废除。在研究律章句兴起与发展的时候,学界总会将其与经学联系在一起,但对其归宿的研究,却又往往离开了经学这一孕育它的母体,即对但用郑氏律章句的原因分析没有结合经学。当辨明的是:东汉以来出现的章句简约删减之风对一统律章句有影响,魏晋群经传注渐归于一,是在经学方面对律学但用郑氏章句之学术环境诱导。第二,对律章句的废除,学界多归因于律章句自身弊病,但对律章句所存之学术与政治环境缺乏分析。要辨明的是:从汉末开始经学内部出现的对郑学的驳难是导火线;郑学与王学之争是添加剂;王肃依党司马氏,大立其学排斥郑学是在学术上终结郑学独霸之动力。这三个原因可说是废止郑氏章句的外因。据此,笔者认为:律章句,成也经学,废也经学。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Law school, among the Han, scholars are re- Almost all topics, there is research available. Genetic sense, although a lot of work, so we evolved a new understanding of the law school in the development of the Han, period, and achieve the "title Scrolls, there are still many worthy complement scrutiny, correction at the same forgotten corner. Chapters scholars of the Wei, Jin, law is one such corner. I Note to Wei Chen, Jun Cheng, such as Chun Han "perspective by collecting Dynasty" Han "Note the ritual law comment, to explore the future generations only, who was its note, but do not have card Ju copies of the law the law Chapters Chapters scholars study, save "the law said" contribution to peep Wei Law Commentary Studies Learning and heritage. The full text is set to six chapters. The first chapter, such as Chun and their "Han" Note In this section, the author according to the literature, such as the life of Chun overview and understanding of historians, legal historians such as Chun Han Note and three of Discrimination. The author focuses on such Chun any official and precepts basis of, that, as Jun Cheng laws that basis, if not the Han political system have a certain understanding of, and well-known precepts, is difficult to "Han" in a number of laws that laws and institutions a detailed explanation, such as Chun cited law that explained the many credit carry, called to save the biggest player in the Han, Wei Law Chapters. Finally, the author such as Chun Han Note survive in the world situation, an overview of the main series of statistics. I believe that Chun such as "Han" including Note: To clarify the "Han" context, extended play; Discrimination difficult meaning of the "Han", indicating the similarities and differences; collated the text of the "Han" to research the ancient sound, marked the modern pronunciation of a Chinese character; solicit Bo cited, in order to affirm their views; test history narrative account of ancient and modern geography; this interpretation of the ancient, research the name and substance, Xie Ming Code. Such as Chun style of "Han" Note, I believe that the background in classical studies, relying on commentaries on the exegetical method, inherited the tradition of comments by the school to accomplish the purpose of the Note History, on the other hand with the a large number of law (the) text annotation, interpretation and judgments to which completion of the injection history, interpretation system, Buddhism and the precepts of the task, it is also contain the factor of the law note. The second chapter, such as Chun Han, "the note cited the Han and Wei law said Textual This chapter is divided into two parts, first part is such as Chun Han," the note cited "the law said," Discrimination, mainly to collect, such as Chun cited The law said. Chun cited "legal, rule the Han Dynasty has long been concern, Cheng Shude find six, Shenjia this research of a writer in the" Han "Note also identified in a, so as Chun who cited" law 8, I said in collecting such as Chun note cited the law said at the same time, other historical data series of two new law also with recognizable. The second part is the the Discrimination Chun cited 'law that the contents one by one. I believe that the study of Han and Wei law Chapters of great benefit to the following three types: Cheng Shude paradigm, research methods, mainly through the collection of historical, finishing. the Shenjia this paradigm, through research "for the law said," You could also say is a vision. large atrium repair prepared paradigm, through research involving legal text of the note in the literature, in particular, such as Chun research note obtained historical records cited some of the Han Dynasty Lost is probably the law, said the conclusions of the third chapter, such as Chun Han laws that ritual comment Dynasty. I believe that only through such Chun "Han" Note statements to the future generations to explain, to restore the Han dynasty politics, law, etiquette system, even through the "Han" Note to highlight his academic status and value if there is no such Chun Han many ceremony legal system Notes and added Han comments ladder, and their descendants, especially today can not be successfully read some words, our understanding of the Han, the Han political precepts. understanding of the etiquette system, understanding of the Han Dynasty is far less than the degree can be achieved today. Note also worthy of "the hero of history, ancient of good friends such as Chun Han as-soon on the" Han " that are involved in a number of precepts and judgments system, rituals are a wide range of comments, the author will be divided into a law class Annotation, counts of Class Notes text, Legal Advisors Class Note text, do law class Note the text, the official class note text, martial law class Note the text, the prison of First Instance class Annotation Annotation of prison class, ritual system as defined in Note text in nine categories, where the 441, the author of this each node of the nine categories of text, said the next category, and by the table Annotation Textual fourth chapter, such as Chun Han Note cited the contribution of the law on the Han, Wei and law in modern times, this section the author to The the Cheng Shude "Han Lvkao" for example, that the gift of such Chun Han Note Law Note is the Han Lvkao "aid a group of important historical data, if there is no such as Chun Han, "Note," Han Lvkao "even if the beads will lack a little shiny." Han "Note, such as Chun holds a large number of Han and Wei between the historical and legal, it is these historical Cheng Shude the collection Chun Note Series was the law that direct materials for the descendants of the Han, Wei and law school I total series have Han Lvkao "cited, such as Chun Han Book Note, where 91 (error 3) can be said, such as Chun cited legal note is the later the Qin and Han Wei legal system is a great contribution, is a significant literature reference for the study of Han and Wei Law Commentary Studies value of I is still on Han Lvkao "wrong argument such as Chun Note three of Discrimination. Chapter such as Chun Han" Note with the Cao Wei Law Commentary Studies, the author discusses the three issues. First, from such as Chun "Han" see Note Studies Law Commentary Studies. Wei and Jin Dynasties Law Commentary Studies decline, while the text still to study the law of Chapters or research, the master is still no shortage. such as Chun on behalf of "Han" note home school law Chapters learning and mastery of the people, can be called the law Chapters scholars of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Wei, Jin and Law Chapters scholars meet the independence and well-developed of the History of Historical Note, by law (law the text) or legal annotations (Legal Zhangju) to annotate the history books, while maintaining cited Legal Note by the cited law, creating a history of injection paradigm, by tradition based on the law of mutual Note approach, not only the achievements of these scholars History Note family status, described as the heritage of law Chapters out of a mountain road; law Chapters scholars in the history books comments (mainly refers to the "Han" Note) is the law Chapters heritage stone hills. I think that if Chun to overcome the difficulty of the injection history, cited the history of law Note difficult and highlight its historians only achievement of its Law Commentary Studies only. Soon the ceremony Law Notes the achievements of the "Han" Note is law Chapters of the status of the scholar achievements of its historians, commentators on the status of law school is not only legal home school, many learning precepts Learning, a comprehensive understanding of the law school of the ancient Chinese must also be fully aware of the ages There are many law school study is not a legal home for his outstanding contribution, the author discusses the Inheritance Law Commentary Studies in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, that the homology of Law and History Chapters in depression after the Wei, Jin, law, looking for academic "karma", provides an innate orientation. by the school to law school, the impact of the historian, the combination of law school notes and historical notes, and laid on the common method. evolve along different paths through the history of independent historians, history of injection developed "habitat" in the academic law Chapters gradually waste. Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions on the author focuses on the unification and the abolition of law Chapters explore from the perspective of classical studies. study law Chapters rise and development, academic will be linked with the classical studies, but its destination, but often leave the classics, gave birth to its parent, but Cheng Law Chapters of the analysis is not by the school. when identification is: the Eastern Han Dynasty have occurred since the Chapters simple deletion of the wind on a unified law Chapters influential group after the transfer Note Wei and Jin gradually attributed, in the classical studies on law school but induced with Cheng Chapters academic environment and secondly, the abolition of law Chapters, academia multi-attributed in law Chapters own ills, but the law of Chapters of the deposit of academic and political environment, lack of analysis. To identify the is: from the late Han Dynasty began by learning internal emergence of Zheng learn the split difficult is the fuse; Zheng and Wang school of the dispute is Zheng additives; Wang Su according to the party Sima, Dali academic exclusion is the end of Zheng dominate the academic power. These three reasons can be said that the repeal Cheng Chapters external factors. Accordingly, I think: the law of Chapters into by the school, the waste also approved by the school.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D929
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2007-05-22
回到顶部