备用信用证独立性原则新例外研究-英美法的角度

The Research on the New Exceptions to the Independence Principle of Standby Letter of Credit----From the Perspective of Common Law

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归属院系:

国际法学院

作者:

吕瑞娟

导师:

杨旭

导师单位:

国际法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

备用信用证;独立性原则;无节制性列外;违法性例外

摘要:

内容摘要备用信用证作为国际通行的金融、贸易促进手段,已有将近150多年的历史。它之所以可以广泛应用于国际经济活动中,很重要的原因就是坚持了独立性原则,从而使备用信用证在实践运行中具备快捷、高效的特性,以保证国际贸易和融资担保正常有序地进行。由此,独立性原则被推崇为“国际商业的生命血液”。然而,正是由于备用信用证遵循独立性原则,那么就为受益人滥用此原则损害申请人或担保人的合法权益制造了机会。为了寻求利益平衡,在某些情况下,受益人的行为需要受到一定程度的限制,那么允许独立性原则的例外是非常有必要的。欺诈例外是被国际社会普遍接受的例外,但在本文当中,笔者阐述的重点不在于该例外,而是针对国际融资领域、国际工程承包、预付款业务中出现的另外两种新例外,即违法性例外和无节制性例外予以详细阐述。由于国内对备用信用证的违法性例外和无节制性例外的研究比较少,所以在本文中,笔者意从英美法的视角来剖析此两种例外,对于违法性例外的介绍主要结合英国司法案例和美国相关法条以及国际公约来阐明。对于无节制性例外,笔者主要结合英美法司法案例进行实证分析,期望可以为我国备用信用证制度研究提供借鉴。本文全文共分为引言、正文、结论三大部分,其中正文部分为四部分:第一部分讲述备用信用证的基本内容,包括备用信用证的产生及发展、备用信用证的概念,通过与商业(跟单)信用证、独立保函、传统保证等相关概念的比较得出备用信用证所具有的性质。第二部分重点阐述备用信用证的独立性原则。首先以国际惯例和国际公约为背景介绍备用信用证独立性原则的内涵,进而分析了独立性原则在国际经济交易中所具有的价值。其次剖析了独立性原则的欺诈例外,对欺诈的认定标准进行了阐述。第三部分重点分析备用信用证的违法性例外。首先从英国司法案例的视角评介基础合同违法是否会成为法院签发禁付令的基础,是否会成为银行或其他机构拒付备用信用证的一个抗辩理由。笔者先对案情进行了分析,最后得出违法性例外的适用范围以及适用此例外需要满足的基本条件;接着,笔者以《美国统一商法典》第五篇为依据阐述违法性例外在美国是否可以成为打破独立性原则的一个非欺诈性基础;最后,从《联合国独立保函和备用信用证公约》的角度说明基础合同违法性在司法实践中的适用问题。第四部分主要探讨了备用信用证的无节制性例外。主要对英国、新加坡、澳大利亚等国的司法案例进行实证分析,其中每个案例基本都包括案情介绍、案件争议的焦点以及法院判决和案例评述,通过对一系列案例的分析,从而得出无节制性的概念以及认定标准。关键词:备用信用证;独立性原则;违法性例外;无节制性例外

学科:

国际法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

吕瑞娟. 备用信用证独立性原则新例外研究-英美法的角度[D]. 西南政法大学,2013.

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知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 备用信用证独立性原则新例外研究-英美法的角度
  • dc.title
  • The Research on the New Exceptions to the Independence Principle of Standby Letter of Credit----From the Perspective of Common Law
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20104101001339
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 吕瑞娟
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2013
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 杨旭
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 国际法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 备用信用证;独立性原则;无节制性列外;违法性例外
  • dc.subject
  • Standby letter of credit;Independent principle;Illegality exception;Unconscionability exception
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 内容摘要备用信用证作为国际通行的金融、贸易促进手段,已有将近150多年的历史。它之所以可以广泛应用于国际经济活动中,很重要的原因就是坚持了独立性原则,从而使备用信用证在实践运行中具备快捷、高效的特性,以保证国际贸易和融资担保正常有序地进行。由此,独立性原则被推崇为“国际商业的生命血液”。然而,正是由于备用信用证遵循独立性原则,那么就为受益人滥用此原则损害申请人或担保人的合法权益制造了机会。为了寻求利益平衡,在某些情况下,受益人的行为需要受到一定程度的限制,那么允许独立性原则的例外是非常有必要的。欺诈例外是被国际社会普遍接受的例外,但在本文当中,笔者阐述的重点不在于该例外,而是针对国际融资领域、国际工程承包、预付款业务中出现的另外两种新例外,即违法性例外和无节制性例外予以详细阐述。由于国内对备用信用证的违法性例外和无节制性例外的研究比较少,所以在本文中,笔者意从英美法的视角来剖析此两种例外,对于违法性例外的介绍主要结合英国司法案例和美国相关法条以及国际公约来阐明。对于无节制性例外,笔者主要结合英美法司法案例进行实证分析,期望可以为我国备用信用证制度研究提供借鉴。本文全文共分为引言、正文、结论三大部分,其中正文部分为四部分:第一部分讲述备用信用证的基本内容,包括备用信用证的产生及发展、备用信用证的概念,通过与商业(跟单)信用证、独立保函、传统保证等相关概念的比较得出备用信用证所具有的性质。第二部分重点阐述备用信用证的独立性原则。首先以国际惯例和国际公约为背景介绍备用信用证独立性原则的内涵,进而分析了独立性原则在国际经济交易中所具有的价值。其次剖析了独立性原则的欺诈例外,对欺诈的认定标准进行了阐述。第三部分重点分析备用信用证的违法性例外。首先从英国司法案例的视角评介基础合同违法是否会成为法院签发禁付令的基础,是否会成为银行或其他机构拒付备用信用证的一个抗辩理由。笔者先对案情进行了分析,最后得出违法性例外的适用范围以及适用此例外需要满足的基本条件;接着,笔者以《美国统一商法典》第五篇为依据阐述违法性例外在美国是否可以成为打破独立性原则的一个非欺诈性基础;最后,从《联合国独立保函和备用信用证公约》的角度说明基础合同违法性在司法实践中的适用问题。第四部分主要探讨了备用信用证的无节制性例外。主要对英国、新加坡、澳大利亚等国的司法案例进行实证分析,其中每个案例基本都包括案情介绍、案件争议的焦点以及法院判决和案例评述,通过对一系列案例的分析,从而得出无节制性的概念以及认定标准。关键词:备用信用证;独立性原则;违法性例外;无节制性例外
  • dc.description.abstract
  • AbstractAs an international financial tool, Standby letter of credit has developed for nearly 150 years. It can be widely used in international economic activities for sticking to the principle of independence. So the standby letter of credit has the characteristics of convenience and efficiency in practice, which ensures the international trade and financing guarantee normally and orderly. Thus, the principle of independence was praised as "the life blood of international business". However, because of the standby letter of credit following the principle of independence, then the beneficiary may have opportunities to abuse this principle damaging the legitimate rights and interests of the applicant or the guarantor. In order to seek a balance of interests, in some cases, the beneficiary’s behavior needs to be limited to a certain extent. So it is very necessary to allow the independence principle to have exception. Fraud exception is widely accepted as the exception by the international community, but in this paper, the focus of the author is not for fraud exception, but for the other two new exceptions—illegality exception and unconscionability exception. Especially in the field of international financing, international engineering, advances, the illegality exception and the unconscionability exception are emerging. Because the illegality exception and unconscionability exception of standby letter of credit are rarely studied in our country, in this paper, the author mainly clarifies such two exceptions. For illegality exception, the author will combine the cases of common law with the relative laws and regulations in United States as well as the international conventions to make elaboration. For unconscionability exception, which is mainly based on judicial cases in common law, the author makes an empirical analysis, expecting that the analysis can provide a reference for the study of standby letter of credit in China.This thesis is divided into three parts: introduction, text, conclusion, the text is divided into four parts:The first part is the basic content about the standby letter of credit, including its concept、emergence and development, through comparison with commercial (Documentary) letter of credit, obviously there are some legal characters for standby letter of credit.The second part focuses on the principle of independence of standby letter of credit. According to international practice and International Convention for the connotation of background introduction of standby letters of credit, and then analyzes the principle of independence’s value in international economic transactions. Secondly, the author will analyze the fraud exception of independence of the principle, in which recognized standards of fraud are described.The third part focuses on the analysis of illegality exception of standby letter of credit. From the first review, the basic contract will be refused to be payed by the court injunction, a justification to standby letter of credit.The author first has carried on the analysis to the case, the application of basic conditions and exceptions as well as the applicable scope of illegality exception; then, according to the fifth articles of "Uniform Commercial Code" in the United States of the America, it provides opportunities for the illegality exception, which may become the basis of a non - fraud to break the principle of independence in the United States; finally, the author explains that the contract law is applicable to problems in the judicial practice of the United Nations Convention on independent guarantees and standby letters of credit terms.The fourth part mainly discusses the unconscionability exception of the standby letter of credit. From analysis of judicial cases in the UK, Singapore, Australia and other countries, the author clarifies the unconscionability exception including the case introduction, the focus of the case dispute as well as the court’s judgment. Through the analysis of a series of cases, the author makes conclusion of concepts and standards for unconscionability exception.Key Words: Standby letter of credit; Independent principle; Illegality exception; Unconscionability exception
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D(9)
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-19
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2013-05-24
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言 1一、备用信用证概述 2(一)备用信用证的概念 2(二)备用信用证与相关概念的比较 3(三)备用信用证的性质 5二、备用信用证的独立性原则 6(一)独立性原则的内涵 6(二)独立性原则的价值 7(三)独立性原则的例外 8三、备用信用证独立性原则的违法性例外 9(一)英国Mahonia Ltd v. JP Morgan Chase Bank案 10(二)美国统一商法典关于违法性的依据 15(三)《联合国独立保函和备用信用证公约》对违法性的界定 17(四)小结 17四、备用信用证独立性原则的无节制性例外 18(一)英国Potton Homes v.Colman Contractors案 18(二)新加坡 19(三)澳大利亚 22(四)小结 24结 语 26参考文献 28致 谢 30
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