反思微博民主:精英与草根的分野 ——以新浪微博为例

An introspection on Democracy by Microblog:The gap between the elite and the populace -------taking “Sina Microblog” as an example

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作者:

熊健

导师:

程德安

导师单位:

新闻传播学院(融媒体学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

微博;民主;舆论领袖;话语权;知识沟;精英;草根

摘要:

民主一词,在当代的语境中已经不仅仅是一种政治制度的指称。用约翰·邓恩的话来讲,在更为广泛的涵义上,它代表了一种理念甚或一种生活方式。然而,即使为人人所熟知,在某些情况下,民主的要求仍旧不费吹灰之力就被禁言、被威胁进而被扼杀;而经由充当意见领袖的知识分子之宣讲,它又被慷慨高歌而得到咏赞。在被扼杀和被咏赞的并存或往复中,作为观者和听众的绝大多数人却只会沉默或干嚎。 自克里斯提尼偶然或刻意的政治改革以来,民主在人类政治思想的发展轨迹中趔趄不断。在相当长的时间里,它的出现往往伴随着糟糕的修饰甚至是激亢的谩骂。而媒介由于其天然中介性被裹挟到这一进程中,承担了民主成长的不可承受之重:一个崇尚自由民主的城邦在煽动者的言辞专制下集体判决一位无辜智者死刑;而羊皮纸卷则成为教会圭臬和知识符号的同时也记录了宗教哲学的独裁和垄断;至启蒙运动,自由、平等和博爱被印刷品热情讴歌,排字版中依旧没有民主一词的字母组合;当美利坚始将自己作为民主的试验场,法兰西上空飘扬的马赛曲和巴黎街道上凌乱的传单再次为民主涂上一抹血色。终于,经过长足的发展之后,美国式民主终于能够借助广播和电视从而在大众那里具象化,而在熊彼特那里它依旧是政治团队之间为了人民的选票以及随后而来的统治权力而进行的斗争。在民主落魄并成长的时代里,掌握舆论的领袖总是权力的最终归宿。 今天的民主,貌似是作为镇痛剂的一味政治处方,在政治上放之四海而皆准,历之千秋而长宜,其驾驭着互联网这一新兴的后现代媒介,祭起“自由”、“平等”之大旗,借助西方强大的政治经济力量,欲使“民主”行之寰宇之内。而实际上,直接民主之理念随着古希腊城邦的倾覆而湮灭以来,即难以复生。取而代之的代议制民主早已改头换面,掩盖在其光鲜外表下的早已不是“自由”与“平等”,而是言辞专制与利己主义。 数字乐观主义者透过互联网看到了直接民主复苏的星火。在国内,微博的诞生迎合了时代饥渴的需求,其影响力在几年之内呈病毒式地增长。较低的经济和技术门槛使得微博拥有其他媒介未曾有过的接近性和可参与性。而其特有的转播方式的确使得“人人皆可言说”成为可能。因此,秉持传统的“自由”与“平等”的理念,微博民主被赋予众望,并成为轰轰烈烈的微博问政的关键词之一。草根大众欣喜于从未体味过的“表达自由”,娱乐明星得以开辟自己另一星途,而知识分子则以担当时代使命为宣言,亦投入这一洪流,开拓公共空间。 揭开对微博民主的赞美甚嚣尘上,对去中心化与话语权重置高声欢呼的蔚为大观之表象,掩盖在其下的是另一番盘根错节的景象:权力和利益相互交织,在既有的社会政治经济地位不平等现状下,舆论领袖在微博中的精英地位非但没有遭到去中心化解构,反而得到加强;微博场域中精英与草根的差距鸿沟非但没有被填补,反而得到扩大;贫富和阶层差距的拉大导致民粹的呼声喷薄欲出,而表达渠道的缺乏致使微博成为普通人于无奈中求发言的不二选择。在嘈杂的网络环境中,微博以塑造舆论事件为手段,某种程度上为民众提供了暂时的意愿表达途径,其引发的连续反应甚或能够满足某些特定诉求,达成良性的公共意愿。然而政治的介入和源自商业的天然属性已然昭示了微博作为单纯民主工具的虚伪和狭隘,在政治和商业的双重压力下,精英与草根渐趋分野之势将对微博标榜的民主话语进行祛魅和嘲讽。

学科:

新闻学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

熊健. 反思微博民主:精英与草根的分野 ——以新浪微博为例[D]. 西南政法大学,2013.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 反思微博民主:精英与草根的分野 ——以新浪微博为例
  • dc.title
  • An introspection on Democracy by Microblog:The gap between the elite and the populace -------taking “Sina Microblog” as an example
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20110553001599
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 熊健
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 新闻传播学院(融媒体学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 新闻与传播硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2013
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 程德安
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 新闻传播学院(融媒体学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 微博;民主;舆论领袖;话语权;知识沟;精英;草根
  • dc.subject
  • Microblog;Democracy;Opinion Leader;Say;Knowledge gap;Elite;Grassroots
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 民主一词,在当代的语境中已经不仅仅是一种政治制度的指称。用约翰·邓恩的话来讲,在更为广泛的涵义上,它代表了一种理念甚或一种生活方式。然而,即使为人人所熟知,在某些情况下,民主的要求仍旧不费吹灰之力就被禁言、被威胁进而被扼杀;而经由充当意见领袖的知识分子之宣讲,它又被慷慨高歌而得到咏赞。在被扼杀和被咏赞的并存或往复中,作为观者和听众的绝大多数人却只会沉默或干嚎。 自克里斯提尼偶然或刻意的政治改革以来,民主在人类政治思想的发展轨迹中趔趄不断。在相当长的时间里,它的出现往往伴随着糟糕的修饰甚至是激亢的谩骂。而媒介由于其天然中介性被裹挟到这一进程中,承担了民主成长的不可承受之重:一个崇尚自由民主的城邦在煽动者的言辞专制下集体判决一位无辜智者死刑;而羊皮纸卷则成为教会圭臬和知识符号的同时也记录了宗教哲学的独裁和垄断;至启蒙运动,自由、平等和博爱被印刷品热情讴歌,排字版中依旧没有民主一词的字母组合;当美利坚始将自己作为民主的试验场,法兰西上空飘扬的马赛曲和巴黎街道上凌乱的传单再次为民主涂上一抹血色。终于,经过长足的发展之后,美国式民主终于能够借助广播和电视从而在大众那里具象化,而在熊彼特那里它依旧是政治团队之间为了人民的选票以及随后而来的统治权力而进行的斗争。在民主落魄并成长的时代里,掌握舆论的领袖总是权力的最终归宿。 今天的民主,貌似是作为镇痛剂的一味政治处方,在政治上放之四海而皆准,历之千秋而长宜,其驾驭着互联网这一新兴的后现代媒介,祭起“自由”、“平等”之大旗,借助西方强大的政治经济力量,欲使“民主”行之寰宇之内。而实际上,直接民主之理念随着古希腊城邦的倾覆而湮灭以来,即难以复生。取而代之的代议制民主早已改头换面,掩盖在其光鲜外表下的早已不是“自由”与“平等”,而是言辞专制与利己主义。 数字乐观主义者透过互联网看到了直接民主复苏的星火。在国内,微博的诞生迎合了时代饥渴的需求,其影响力在几年之内呈病毒式地增长。较低的经济和技术门槛使得微博拥有其他媒介未曾有过的接近性和可参与性。而其特有的转播方式的确使得“人人皆可言说”成为可能。因此,秉持传统的“自由”与“平等”的理念,微博民主被赋予众望,并成为轰轰烈烈的微博问政的关键词之一。草根大众欣喜于从未体味过的“表达自由”,娱乐明星得以开辟自己另一星途,而知识分子则以担当时代使命为宣言,亦投入这一洪流,开拓公共空间。 揭开对微博民主的赞美甚嚣尘上,对去中心化与话语权重置高声欢呼的蔚为大观之表象,掩盖在其下的是另一番盘根错节的景象:权力和利益相互交织,在既有的社会政治经济地位不平等现状下,舆论领袖在微博中的精英地位非但没有遭到去中心化解构,反而得到加强;微博场域中精英与草根的差距鸿沟非但没有被填补,反而得到扩大;贫富和阶层差距的拉大导致民粹的呼声喷薄欲出,而表达渠道的缺乏致使微博成为普通人于无奈中求发言的不二选择。在嘈杂的网络环境中,微博以塑造舆论事件为手段,某种程度上为民众提供了暂时的意愿表达途径,其引发的连续反应甚或能够满足某些特定诉求,达成良性的公共意愿。然而政治的介入和源自商业的天然属性已然昭示了微博作为单纯民主工具的虚伪和狭隘,在政治和商业的双重压力下,精英与草根渐趋分野之势将对微博标榜的民主话语进行祛魅和嘲讽。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Democracy is not just a political system in the context of contemporary allegation. In John Dunn’s words, on a broader meaning, it represents an idea or even a way of life. However, even for all well-known, in some cases, the requirements of democracy are still to be silenced, threatened, and then stifle effortlessly. It has come to be loudly sung and praised in the speech of the opinion leaders. Because it is being strangled and praised at the same time, as the viewers and listeners, most of them can only be silent or howl. Since Chris Martini’s accidental or deliberate political reform, democracy has been constantly staggering in the development of the political and ideological trajectory. For a long time, it is often accompanied by the emergence of the bad modification, or even exciting abuses. Due to its natural intermediary, media is coerced into this process, and undertake the unbearable weight of the democratic growth: a free and democratic polis sentences an innocent wise man to death in the collective judgment of a demagogue authoritarian; while the parchment not only acts as a model of the Church and a symbol of knowledge, but as records the religious philosophy of the dictatorship and monopoly; to the Enlightenment, when freedom, equality, and fraternity are eulogized by prints, there isn’t the combination of letters of “democracy” in the form.; when the United States always treats itself as a testing ground for democracy, the messy leaflets in the Paris streets and the Marseillaise flying over the France coat the democracy with blood again. Finally, after considerable development, American-style democracy was able to be figurative for the general public with the help of the radio and television, but for Schumpeter, it is still the fighting for the vote of people and the subsequent ruling power between political teams. In the era of democracy’s abjection and growth, the ultimate destination of the power is always grasped by the leaders of public opinion. Democracy today, seems as a political prescription of analgesics. Driving by the Internet, and other emerging post-modern media, it brings up the banner of freedom and equality. With the help of the powerful Western political and economic forces, it is spreading all over the world. In fact, since the concept of direct democracy is overturned with the ancient Greek polis’ annihilation, it is difficult to revive. Representative democracy has become a face-lift, covering no longer the “freedom” and “equality”, but despotism and egoism. Through the Internet, the digital optimists saw the recovery spark of the direct democracy. In domestic, the birth of microblogging caters to the hungry needs of the times; its influence grows unbelievably within a few years. With lower economic and technical barriers, microblogging is more participatory for the users than any other media. The unique way of broadcasting makes it possible for the speaking of everyone. Therefore, upholding the traditional concept of "freedom" and "equality", microblogging democracy has been given people's great expectations, and to become one of the key words of the microblogging in politics. Grassroots mass use it to rejoice the "freedom of expression". The entertainment stars use it to find another stage. The intellectuals use it to undertake the mission of the times and to open up public space. Uncovering the representation of the rampant praise of microblogging democracy and the cheering of the decentration and reset of discourse, another deep-rooted scene is digged up: the power and interests are intertwined. Under the inequality quo of economic, social and political status, the elite status of the opinion leaders in microblogging has not been decentrated, but strengthened; the gap between Elite and Grassroots has not been filled, but expanded in the microblogging field; the serious disparities between rich and poor lead to populists yearns to voice; the lack of channels for expressing results microblogging to become the choice for ordinary people to speak out. In the noisy environment of the network, with the means of stirring up consensus, microblogging provide the public temporary pathway to voice; as a result, it may trigger continuous reaction, or even be able to make certain demands to meet benign public will. However, with the political intervention and commercial nature, as a simple tool for democracy, the microblogging’s hypocrisy and narrow-mind of is already clear to the public. Under the dual pressures of the politics and business, the distinction of the elite and grassroots is sneering at the democratic discourse flaunted by microblogging.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • G2
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-19
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2013-05-26
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