论医疗过失

Theory about Identification and Testification of Medical Negligence

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作者:

关敬波

导师:

张 力

导师单位:

民商法学院(知识产权学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

医疗过失;注意义务;过失认定;过失证明

摘要:

内容摘要目前,我国医患纠纷数量日益增长,医患矛盾日益激化。医患关系的恶化严重地影响了我国社会秩序的稳定,也严重阻碍了我国卫生事业的发展。医患矛盾激化的原因在很大程度上源于患者的诉求无法得到实现。根据《侵权责任法》规定,我国对医疗损害责任实行以过错为主的归责原则,存在医疗过错是医疗机构承担责任的前提。过错包括故意和过失两种形态,鉴于医务人员故意造成患者损害的,构成刑法上的故意伤害罪或故意杀人罪。因此,医疗过失便成为医疗过错的主要形态。鉴于医疗过失是医师对其注意义务的违反,因此,认定医疗过失的前提是确定医师具有何种注意义务。医师注意义务是注意义务的一种类型,从一般注意义务的理论出发并结合医疗活动的特殊性来界定医师的注意义务范围。在比较国内外学者对医疗过失的研究理论的基础上,提出我国医师的注意义务。在认定医疗过失时,何人认定以及以何种标准认定是影响医疗过失认定的重要因素。在分析英美法系国家在认定医疗过失事实时采用专家证人制度的可行性基础上,结合我国医疗鉴定制度在认定医疗过失时存在的问题,提出改进我国医疗过失认定权制度。在研究国内外医疗过失认定标准的理论基础上,分析我国医疗过失认定标准存在的问题,提出我国医疗过失的认定标准。在证明医疗过失时,由于医疗活动的特殊性以及医患双方在医疗诉讼中的不平等地位,患者在证明医疗过失时面临举证着困难。为了解决患者面临的举证困难,维护患者的合法权益,在医疗过失证明方面,美国实行事实本身说明过失原则,德国实行表现证明、重大医疗过失的举证责任倒置和妨碍证明理论,日本实行过失大致推定原则,各国在过失证明责任的分配上其目的具有一致性,都在于减轻患者对医疗过失的举证责任,保证患者的合法权益。分析我国医疗过失证明制度,借鉴国外的医疗过失证明制度,提出我国医疗过失的证明制度。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

关敬波. 论医疗过失[D]. 西南政法大学,2013.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论医疗过失
  • dc.title
  • Theory about Identification and Testification of Medical Negligence
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20104101001135
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 关敬波
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2013
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张 力
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 医疗过失;注意义务;过失认定;过失证明
  • dc.subject
  • Medical Negligence;Duty of Care;Negligence Identification;Negligence Testification
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 内容摘要目前,我国医患纠纷数量日益增长,医患矛盾日益激化。医患关系的恶化严重地影响了我国社会秩序的稳定,也严重阻碍了我国卫生事业的发展。医患矛盾激化的原因在很大程度上源于患者的诉求无法得到实现。根据《侵权责任法》规定,我国对医疗损害责任实行以过错为主的归责原则,存在医疗过错是医疗机构承担责任的前提。过错包括故意和过失两种形态,鉴于医务人员故意造成患者损害的,构成刑法上的故意伤害罪或故意杀人罪。因此,医疗过失便成为医疗过错的主要形态。鉴于医疗过失是医师对其注意义务的违反,因此,认定医疗过失的前提是确定医师具有何种注意义务。医师注意义务是注意义务的一种类型,从一般注意义务的理论出发并结合医疗活动的特殊性来界定医师的注意义务范围。在比较国内外学者对医疗过失的研究理论的基础上,提出我国医师的注意义务。在认定医疗过失时,何人认定以及以何种标准认定是影响医疗过失认定的重要因素。在分析英美法系国家在认定医疗过失事实时采用专家证人制度的可行性基础上,结合我国医疗鉴定制度在认定医疗过失时存在的问题,提出改进我国医疗过失认定权制度。在研究国内外医疗过失认定标准的理论基础上,分析我国医疗过失认定标准存在的问题,提出我国医疗过失的认定标准。在证明医疗过失时,由于医疗活动的特殊性以及医患双方在医疗诉讼中的不平等地位,患者在证明医疗过失时面临举证着困难。为了解决患者面临的举证困难,维护患者的合法权益,在医疗过失证明方面,美国实行事实本身说明过失原则,德国实行表现证明、重大医疗过失的举证责任倒置和妨碍证明理论,日本实行过失大致推定原则,各国在过失证明责任的分配上其目的具有一致性,都在于减轻患者对医疗过失的举证责任,保证患者的合法权益。分析我国医疗过失证明制度,借鉴国外的医疗过失证明制度,提出我国医疗过失的证明制度。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Currently,the number of our patient disputes is growing,and the doctor-patient conflicts intensify increasingly. The deterioration of the doctor-patient relationship seriously affect the stability of the social order in China, also seriously hinder the development of Health Service . The doctor-patient intensification of conflicts is a large extent that the demands of patients can not be achieved. According to the tort liability law, medical damage liability is given priority to with fault imputation principle in China, the existence of medical treatment fault is the prerequisite of medical institutions bearing the responsibility. Fault include intent and negligence two forms, in view that the medical staff deliberately damage patients, Constitute intentional injury or murder on criminal law, therefore Medical negligence has become the main form of medical treatment fault, Given that medical negligence is breach of duty of care to its physicians, therefore that the premise of the treatment error is to determine what kind of duty of care of physician medical. Doctors duty of care is a type of duty of care, From a general duty of care theory and combined with the particularity of medical treatment activity to define the scope of duty of care in physicians. In the comparison of domestic and foreign scholars on the basis of the study of medical negligence theory, physician's duty of care in China are put forward.When identify medical negligence, Whom and to what standard is the important factors influencing the medical negligence that, On the analysis of the Anglo-American law system countries used during the medical negligence facts based on the feasibility of the expert witness system, According to our country's medical identification system in the problem of medical negligence, To improve the medical fault determination right system, In the study of domestic and foreign medical standards based on the theory of the fault,. Analysis problem of medical negligence standards in our country put forward Standard of medical negligence. When testify medical negligence, Due to the particularity of medical treatment activity the unequal position of both doctors and patients in medical lawsuits, Patients prove medical negligence when facing the difficulties of proof, in order to solve the patients face difficulties of proof. Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of patients. In the aspect of the medical negligence, United States the fact itself that negligence principle, Germany implements the performance certificate, Major medical negligence onus probandi inversion. And impede proof theory, Japan implements the fault presumption principle roughly, In the allocation of the burden of proof on the fault purposes consistent, to ease patients burden of proof for medical fault To ensure the legitimate rights and interests of patients. Analysis of medical error proof system in our country. Draw lessons from foreign medical error proof system and improve medical treatment error proof system in our country.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D9
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-19
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2013-05-25
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言.... 1一、医疗过失的基本理论.... 3(一)国外医师的注意义务理论.... 3(二)我国医师的注意义务理论.... 6(三)我国医师的注意义务制度及发展方向.... 7二、医疗过失的认定.... 7(一)医疗过失的认定权.... 7(二)医疗过失的认定标准.... 12三、医疗过失的证明.... 18(一)国外医疗过失的证明制度.... 18(二)我国医疗过失的证明制度.... 20(三)我国医疗过失证明制度发展的方向.... 22结 语.... 24参考文献.... 25致 谢.... 27
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