论无主物的民事法律规制——以四川省彭州市“天价乌木”案为案例分析对象

Analysis bona civil legal regulation——In Pengzhou "astronomical ebony" case as a case analysis objects

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作者:

肖义刚

导师:

张永华

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

乌木;属性;占有保护

摘要:

内容摘要2012年四川省彭州市“天价乌木案”引发社会热议,关于乌木的属性及其归属众说纷纭,莫衷一是。有人主张乌木为土地孳息,应由土地用益物权人取得所有权;也有人主张乌木为埋藏物,依《民法通则》相关规定应归国家所有;有人主张乌木属于无主物,应依民事先占习惯由发现人所有;此外还有人认为乌木属于自然资源或矿产或文物,应归国家所有。笔者辨析后认为乌木应属于无主物,但由于我国现行法律未规定物权先占取得方式,故乌木不能当然由先占人取得所有权。而有关无主物的民事法律规制,在现行法律制度上至少有两个途径可供选择。一个是民事程序法上的认定财产无主程序,另一个是民事实体法上的占有保护制度。适用前一途径时笔者区分了无主物与无主财产,指出无主物属于无主财产的范畴,为无主乌木适用这一程序提供了可能;而适用占有保护的依据在于我国《物权法》上确立的占有保护包括了无主占有保护,虽然无主物先占人不能依据先占而取得乌木所有权,但先占人的占有事实应受到《物权法》的保护。提出如上两条无主物规制途径的同时,笔者也注意到二者存在的潜在冲突,即先占人的占有能否对抗认定财产无主程序?对此进行深入的比较分析后,认为从“物尽其用”的财产法立法目的看,赋予先占人占有保护对抗效力,更有利于物的流转利用;从利益平衡角度来看,民法追求权利义务对等原则,由于先占人的劳动投入应该得到回报,国家应该消极,乌木由先占人继续占有更为有利;从法社会学的角度看,一旦乌木归国有将会对既定的乌木市场秩序照成冲击;从法经济学的角度看,保护先占人的占有显然更有利于提高乌木的社会收益;从民法发展的趋势看,国家本位立法主义注定要过渡到以人为本的民法人文关怀阶段,不与民争利将是未来《民法典》的价值目标。基于如上分析,应该优先保护先占人的占有。具体到司法实践中,如果冲突时先占人对认定财产无主程序有异议,则可依法终结特编程序,告之申请人另行提起普通诉讼。而此时由于申请人不能举证证明自己是无主物的所有权人,就会承担败诉的后果;而如果公告期间先占人未提出异议,则国家或相关集体将依据法院判决取得无主物的所有权。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

肖义刚. 论无主物的民事法律规制——以四川省彭州市“天价乌木”案为案例分析对象[D]. 西南政法大学,2013.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论无主物的民事法律规制——以四川省彭州市“天价乌木”案为案例分析对象
  • dc.title
  • Analysis bona civil legal regulation——In Pengzhou "astronomical ebony" case as a case analysis objects
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • TF201103010034
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 肖义刚
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2013
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张永华
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 乌木;属性;占有保护
  • dc.subject
  • ebony;Classification;Possession of protection
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 内容摘要2012年四川省彭州市“天价乌木案”引发社会热议,关于乌木的属性及其归属众说纷纭,莫衷一是。有人主张乌木为土地孳息,应由土地用益物权人取得所有权;也有人主张乌木为埋藏物,依《民法通则》相关规定应归国家所有;有人主张乌木属于无主物,应依民事先占习惯由发现人所有;此外还有人认为乌木属于自然资源或矿产或文物,应归国家所有。笔者辨析后认为乌木应属于无主物,但由于我国现行法律未规定物权先占取得方式,故乌木不能当然由先占人取得所有权。而有关无主物的民事法律规制,在现行法律制度上至少有两个途径可供选择。一个是民事程序法上的认定财产无主程序,另一个是民事实体法上的占有保护制度。适用前一途径时笔者区分了无主物与无主财产,指出无主物属于无主财产的范畴,为无主乌木适用这一程序提供了可能;而适用占有保护的依据在于我国《物权法》上确立的占有保护包括了无主占有保护,虽然无主物先占人不能依据先占而取得乌木所有权,但先占人的占有事实应受到《物权法》的保护。提出如上两条无主物规制途径的同时,笔者也注意到二者存在的潜在冲突,即先占人的占有能否对抗认定财产无主程序?对此进行深入的比较分析后,认为从“物尽其用”的财产法立法目的看,赋予先占人占有保护对抗效力,更有利于物的流转利用;从利益平衡角度来看,民法追求权利义务对等原则,由于先占人的劳动投入应该得到回报,国家应该消极,乌木由先占人继续占有更为有利;从法社会学的角度看,一旦乌木归国有将会对既定的乌木市场秩序照成冲击;从法经济学的角度看,保护先占人的占有显然更有利于提高乌木的社会收益;从民法发展的趋势看,国家本位立法主义注定要过渡到以人为本的民法人文关怀阶段,不与民争利将是未来《民法典》的价值目标。基于如上分析,应该优先保护先占人的占有。具体到司法实践中,如果冲突时先占人对认定财产无主程序有异议,则可依法终结特编程序,告之申请人另行提起普通诉讼。而此时由于申请人不能举证证明自己是无主物的所有权人,就会承担败诉的后果;而如果公告期间先占人未提出异议,则国家或相关集体将依据法院判决取得无主物的所有权。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Abstract2012 Pengzhou "astronomical ebony case" provoked heated debate on ebony’s classification and its ownership. Some people think it should be natural fruits and it shall be in the ownership of the usufructuary right holder by law.;Some think it should be the discovery of an object buried underground and it shall be owned by the state. on the other hand some think it should be natural resources and owned by the state,the author think it should be bona vacantia, but China's current law does not provide who should be the owner of the bona vacantia.Who should be the the owner of the bona vacantia and what shall we do for this ? the author think there are two ways to be choosed for this, One is Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as Ownerless, the other is Legal Protection of Possession. The former is a "Civil Law" as the legal basis, the latter is based on the "Property Law" as the legal basis. The former do it with civil law to regulate; the latter regulate bona vacantia by Procedure Law Of The People’s Republic Of China. This same time, the author found that there is a conflict between the two way. meaning that does the possessor has the right to the bona vacantia or owned by the state. From the "best use" of property law legislative intent look, giving possession to protect people against preemptive effect is more conducive to the circulation of material utilization; From the point of view of the balance of interests, the pursuit of civil rights and obligations of the principle of reciprocity, because human labor preemption inputs should be rewarded, the state should negative, ebony preempted by the people continue to occupy a more favorable; from the perspective of sociology of law, there will be returned once the ebony against the established order, according to market shocks; from the perspective of law and economics protect preemption people occupy obviously more conducive to improving ebony social benefits; from civil trends, the state standard legislation doctrine destined to transition to people-oriented civil humane care stage, do not compete with the people will be the future "civil Law" the value of the target.On the basis of civil law interpretation and the interpretation of the use ,by the way of Law and Economics and Sociology of Law and so on, the author concluded that the possessor's protection should be given priority rather than the state, This same time take a step forward proposing approach to the practice of judicial. Specific to the judicial practice, conflict preemption if people have objections main determination of property can be legally end special program, and told the applicant filed a separate ordinary lawsuit. And at this time because the applicant fails to adduce evidence to prove that he is not the main thing the owner will bear the consequences of losing; preemptive announcement period and if no objections are raised people, the collective national or relevant court decisions made ??will be based on the ownership of unowned .
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D(9)
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-20
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2013-12-01
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