电磁辐射污染防治法律问题研究

Study on The Legal Issues of Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution Prevention

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作者:

柏慧

导师:

张辉

导师单位:

经济法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

电磁辐射污染;污染防治;国家标准;专项立法;法律责任

摘要:

现如今,电磁辐射污染被公认为是危害生态环境的重要污染源。联合国环境会议也将其列为重要污染防治对象。电磁技术的广泛应用,人们在享受其所带来的惠益时,也开始注意到其所带来的污染问题。电磁辐射污染防治问题也成为了环境法领域重要的难点和热点问题。值得注意的是,由于我国对电磁辐射污染防治的法律规定较为陈旧,相关的法律制度还不够完善,电磁辐射污染现实问题频发,社会纠纷不断。日常生活中,电脑、微波炉、电冰箱、电视机、手机等电子电器的普及,导致人们会长期接触电磁辐射。然后由于电磁辐射污染看不见,摸不着,具有潜伏性和隐蔽性,使得电磁辐射污染往往不易被察觉,并被人们所忽视。在欧洲和美国等西方国家,有着大量的关于电磁辐射污染与人体疾病之间联系的研究,我国在上世纪七十年代也开始注意到这个问题,先后在1988年制定了《电磁辐射防护规定》,1989年颁布《环境电磁卫生标准》、1996年的《电磁辐射环境影响评价与标准》以及1997年颁布《电磁辐射环境保护管理办法》这些相关保护制度。这么多年过去了,我们现在的立法环境已经发生了很大的改变,电磁辐射污染无论是从量还是种类上都发生了很大的变化。从各种由于电磁辐射污染引发的纠纷案件中,不难看出目前我国电磁辐射污染防治立法严重滞后,不能适应现实情况,无法定纷止争。与此同时,有关电磁辐射污染防治法律、法规、规章等规范性文件缺乏,导致现有的电磁辐射污染防治法律体系不健全;相关内容陈旧且有相矛盾的地方,且没有统一的国家标准;缺乏对产生电磁辐射的产品的行业标准,大型的具有电磁辐射的工程项目布局很不合理,导致此类电磁辐射污染对公民人身财产安全产生危害。本文深入分析了电磁辐射污染所带来的危害,并将电磁辐射污染分为产品类辐射污染和工程类电磁辐射污染,针对这两种污染,提出了具体的解决措施,对工程类辐射污染坚守“三同时”的法律制度,对于产品类电磁辐射,改进电磁技术,提高技术水平。同时论证我国制定专项电磁辐射污染防治立法定的必要性和可行性。提出除原有传统环境领域的制度外,电磁辐射污染防治法的基本制度还应包括产品召回制度、非强制性标识制度、信息公开制度、特殊人群地域保护制度等;并提出了要构建电磁辐射污染法律责任,尤其是民事责任的内容。通过对我国电磁辐射污染防治法律制度、体系有关问题的探讨,提出我国应当制定电磁辐射污染防治专项立法。

参考文献:

40

学科:

环境与资源保护法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

柏慧. 电磁辐射污染防治法律问题研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2015.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 电磁辐射污染防治法律问题研究
  • dc.title
  • Study on The Legal Issues of Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution Prevention
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20120301080825
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 柏慧
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济法学院(生态法学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2015
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张辉
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 电磁辐射污染;污染防治;国家标准;专项立法;法律责任
  • dc.subject
  • electromagnetic radiation pollution;pollution control;national standard;special legislation;legal liability
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 现如今,电磁辐射污染被公认为是危害生态环境的重要污染源。联合国环境会议也将其列为重要污染防治对象。电磁技术的广泛应用,人们在享受其所带来的惠益时,也开始注意到其所带来的污染问题。电磁辐射污染防治问题也成为了环境法领域重要的难点和热点问题。值得注意的是,由于我国对电磁辐射污染防治的法律规定较为陈旧,相关的法律制度还不够完善,电磁辐射污染现实问题频发,社会纠纷不断。日常生活中,电脑、微波炉、电冰箱、电视机、手机等电子电器的普及,导致人们会长期接触电磁辐射。然后由于电磁辐射污染看不见,摸不着,具有潜伏性和隐蔽性,使得电磁辐射污染往往不易被察觉,并被人们所忽视。在欧洲和美国等西方国家,有着大量的关于电磁辐射污染与人体疾病之间联系的研究,我国在上世纪七十年代也开始注意到这个问题,先后在1988年制定了《电磁辐射防护规定》,1989年颁布《环境电磁卫生标准》、1996年的《电磁辐射环境影响评价与标准》以及1997年颁布《电磁辐射环境保护管理办法》这些相关保护制度。这么多年过去了,我们现在的立法环境已经发生了很大的改变,电磁辐射污染无论是从量还是种类上都发生了很大的变化。从各种由于电磁辐射污染引发的纠纷案件中,不难看出目前我国电磁辐射污染防治立法严重滞后,不能适应现实情况,无法定纷止争。与此同时,有关电磁辐射污染防治法律、法规、规章等规范性文件缺乏,导致现有的电磁辐射污染防治法律体系不健全;相关内容陈旧且有相矛盾的地方,且没有统一的国家标准;缺乏对产生电磁辐射的产品的行业标准,大型的具有电磁辐射的工程项目布局很不合理,导致此类电磁辐射污染对公民人身财产安全产生危害。本文深入分析了电磁辐射污染所带来的危害,并将电磁辐射污染分为产品类辐射污染和工程类电磁辐射污染,针对这两种污染,提出了具体的解决措施,对工程类辐射污染坚守“三同时”的法律制度,对于产品类电磁辐射,改进电磁技术,提高技术水平。同时论证我国制定专项电磁辐射污染防治立法定的必要性和可行性。提出除原有传统环境领域的制度外,电磁辐射污染防治法的基本制度还应包括产品召回制度、非强制性标识制度、信息公开制度、特殊人群地域保护制度等;并提出了要构建电磁辐射污染法律责任,尤其是民事责任的内容。通过对我国电磁辐射污染防治法律制度、体系有关问题的探讨,提出我国应当制定电磁辐射污染防治专项立法。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Nowadays, the pollution of electromagnetic radiation is considered as the fourth major sources of the ecological environment. Electromagnetic radiation has become one of the main pollutant source, which directly affects our human survival environment. The United Nations Conference on the human environment has listed it as one of the public hazards which must be controlled. With the extensive application of electromagnetic technology, people increasingly pay more attention to the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution. Electromagnetic radiation pollution control has also become a hot and main topic of environmental law research and theoretical research. However, since our country has not had relatively complete electromagnetic radiation pollution control law, and the one relevant one is old, we have more and more electromagnetic radiation pollution problems and social disputes. In daily life, the widespread use of computer, microwave ovens, refrigerators, TV sets, mobile phone and other electronic appliances,have made us in the long-term of electromagnetic radiation environment. Since the pollution of electromagnetic radiation is destructive, latent, unpredictability, concealment and spread characteristics, the pollution of electromagnetic radiation is often ignored. In Europe, the United States and other western countries, there are huge numbers of research on the relationship between the electromagnetic radiation pollution and human disease. Our country began to pay attention to this problem in 1970s, as we more laws: such as the "electromagnetic radiation protection regulations" promulgated in 1988, the"environmental electromagnetic health standards" in 1989, the "electromagnetic radiation environmental impact assessment and standards" in 1996,and the "electromagnetic radiation environmental protection management measures" in 1997. Over the years,our legislation environment has changed a lot, the electromagnetic radiation pollution have undergone great changes. From quantity to variety. From a variety of disputes caused by electromagnetic radiation pollution, it is not difficult to see the electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention legislation lag is out of date, thus it can not adapt to the reality of the situation, and settle disputes. At the same time, we are lack of the relevant electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention laws and regulations. We don’t have systematic pollution prevention legal norms of electromagnetic radiation. The current normative legal documents contents are obsolete, and conflict with each other, and there is no uniform national standards.The lack of electromagnetic radiation products industry standard, and the reasonable large project with electromagnetic radiation layout results in personal property such electromagnetic radiation pollution on our safety produce a great threat to our personal and property safety. Therefore, this paper deeply analyzes the harm of electromagnetic radiation pollution, and classify the electromagnetic radiation pollution into products radiation pollution and engineering electromagnetic radiation pollution. This paper also puts forward specific measures to solve the pollution according to the two kinds of pollution, stick to the legal system of “three simultaneous" to engineering to industrial pollution, and improve product technology level to reduce product level radiation pollution, so that we can improve the level of technology products. And puts forward the basic conception of legislation of the electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention and control in China, and basically analysis of key principles of electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention law which should be established. In addition to the original tradition in the field of the environment outside the system, the basic system of the electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention law should also be included in the product recall system, non mandatory labeling system, information disclosure system, and the special crowd area protection system. In addition it proposes to construct the legal liability of the pollution of electromagnetic radiation, especially the civil liability. Through the discussion on the problem of radiation pollution prevention and control of China's legal system, and electromagnetic system,it puts forward that our country should formulate the electromagnetic radiation pollution prevention special legislation.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-18
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2015-05-23
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 40
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言 1 (一)选题来源 1 (二)选题的意义 1 (三)相关研究现状 2 (四)写作思路 3 (五)写作难点 4 一、电磁辐射污染的界定 5 (一)电磁辐射污染的概念 5 (二)电磁辐射污染的类型 5 (三)电磁辐射污染的危害 7 二、我国电磁辐射污染防治存在问题 10 (一)我国电磁辐射污染的现实问题 10 (二)我国电磁辐射污染防治法律体系问题 12 (三)我国电磁辐射污染防治法律制度问题分析 15 三、我国电磁辐射污染防治的法律应对 18 (一)健全电磁污染防治法律体系 18 (二)确立电磁辐射污染防治的指导原则 20 (三)构建电磁辐射污染防治的基本制度 23 (四)建立电磁辐射污染的法律责任 30 四、结语 33 参考文献 34 致 谢 37
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