VIE协议效力制度研究

Research on Validity of The VIE Agreements in China

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作者:

赵洪春

导师:

凃咏松

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

VIE协议;协议控制;合同效力;合同无效;法律建议

摘要:

境内经营者与境外投资者利用法律和会计制度上的不同,通过境外注册的上市实体与境内的业务运营实体签署一系列协议,使境外注册的上市实体与境内的业务运营实体相分离,绕过国家监管部门的监管要求,境内经营实体可以实现境外融资,境外投资者可以实现间接对境内企业的控制,在此种情况下签署的一系列协议,被称为VIE协议。VIE协议是协议控制的核心,其实质是一个企业通过合同而非股权的形式实现对另一企业的间接控制。以VIE协议为核心的协议控制,最开始于2000年的新浪上市,随后被我国大批企业所复制,主要运用在TMT(technology/media/telecom)等创新型、成长性领域。随着我国互联网产业、电商行业的快速发展,以VIE协议为核心的协议控制对中国经济的发展做出的突出贡献是有目共睹的。但是,由于VIE协议与现有监管中的法律精神存在的冲突,兼之监管部门对VIE协议的长期缄默,因此,VIE协议的效力在实践中饱受争议。VIE协议法律效力上的不确定性,使得VIE协议在事实上处于“裸奔”状态,法律风险突出。笔者认为,思考VIE协议效力问题,核心在于VIE协议是否有效、VIE协议应不应该有效和哪些因素在影响VIE协议的效力三方面。为了全面地厘清以上三个问题,本文拟从七个部分着手:第一部分,主要是从现实情况出发,阐述VIE协议面临的现实困境,引出本文的写作背景、写作主旨。第二部分,主要介绍了VIE协议的基本情况,包括VIE协议的概述、VIE协议在协议控制的地位、VIE协议的构成。明晰VIE协议的基本情况,有利于后文对VIE协议效力的探讨。第三部分,主要介绍了VIE协议在我国的产生背景与发展现状。从根源上讲,选择VIE协议是我国境内经营者和境外投资者的“无奈之举”,发展至今,VIE协议涉及范围越来越广,隐藏风险巨大,亟待迅速解决VIE问题。第四部分,主要对VIE协议在我国的合同效力进行系统分析。笔者认为,VIE协议并不存在违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定的情形,也不宜依据“以合法形式掩盖非法目的”宣告VIE协议无效,但是,VIE协议存在因“损害社会公共利益”被宣告无效的法律风险。第五部分,主要从理论上对VIE协议的效力进行了重新分析。基于对五种价值理论和“比例原则”理论的讨论,VIE协议的效力不应当被一概否定,但适用范围应当受到限制。第六部分,VIE协议效力制度之完善建议。首先,在外部环境上,完善国内资本市场制度,建立多层次资本市场,扩宽外资准入渠道;其次,在自我完善上,适时修订相关规定为“VIE”协议正名,进一步完善合同无效的法律规定,提高民事立法的可操作性,强调民事立法与公法的衔接,注重信息披露。第七部分,针对上述六部分进行概括总结。笔者认为,立法上应当充分肯定VIE协议的效力,但为了防止VIE协议的过度应用,需要限制VIE协议的适用范围,剔除对VIE效力制度产生不利影响的因素。

参考文献:

54

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

赵洪春. VIE协议效力制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2015.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • VIE协议效力制度研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on Validity of The VIE Agreements in China
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20120301050628
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 赵洪春
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2015
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 凃咏松
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • VIE协议;协议控制;合同效力;合同无效;法律建议
  • dc.subject
  • VIE agreements;The VIE structure;Validity of the contract;invalid contract;Legal suggestions
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 境内经营者与境外投资者利用法律和会计制度上的不同,通过境外注册的上市实体与境内的业务运营实体签署一系列协议,使境外注册的上市实体与境内的业务运营实体相分离,绕过国家监管部门的监管要求,境内经营实体可以实现境外融资,境外投资者可以实现间接对境内企业的控制,在此种情况下签署的一系列协议,被称为VIE协议。VIE协议是协议控制的核心,其实质是一个企业通过合同而非股权的形式实现对另一企业的间接控制。以VIE协议为核心的协议控制,最开始于2000年的新浪上市,随后被我国大批企业所复制,主要运用在TMT(technology/media/telecom)等创新型、成长性领域。随着我国互联网产业、电商行业的快速发展,以VIE协议为核心的协议控制对中国经济的发展做出的突出贡献是有目共睹的。但是,由于VIE协议与现有监管中的法律精神存在的冲突,兼之监管部门对VIE协议的长期缄默,因此,VIE协议的效力在实践中饱受争议。VIE协议法律效力上的不确定性,使得VIE协议在事实上处于“裸奔”状态,法律风险突出。笔者认为,思考VIE协议效力问题,核心在于VIE协议是否有效、VIE协议应不应该有效和哪些因素在影响VIE协议的效力三方面。为了全面地厘清以上三个问题,本文拟从七个部分着手:第一部分,主要是从现实情况出发,阐述VIE协议面临的现实困境,引出本文的写作背景、写作主旨。第二部分,主要介绍了VIE协议的基本情况,包括VIE协议的概述、VIE协议在协议控制的地位、VIE协议的构成。明晰VIE协议的基本情况,有利于后文对VIE协议效力的探讨。第三部分,主要介绍了VIE协议在我国的产生背景与发展现状。从根源上讲,选择VIE协议是我国境内经营者和境外投资者的“无奈之举”,发展至今,VIE协议涉及范围越来越广,隐藏风险巨大,亟待迅速解决VIE问题。第四部分,主要对VIE协议在我国的合同效力进行系统分析。笔者认为,VIE协议并不存在违反法律、行政法规的强制性规定的情形,也不宜依据“以合法形式掩盖非法目的”宣告VIE协议无效,但是,VIE协议存在因“损害社会公共利益”被宣告无效的法律风险。第五部分,主要从理论上对VIE协议的效力进行了重新分析。基于对五种价值理论和“比例原则”理论的讨论,VIE协议的效力不应当被一概否定,但适用范围应当受到限制。第六部分,VIE协议效力制度之完善建议。首先,在外部环境上,完善国内资本市场制度,建立多层次资本市场,扩宽外资准入渠道;其次,在自我完善上,适时修订相关规定为“VIE”协议正名,进一步完善合同无效的法律规定,提高民事立法的可操作性,强调民事立法与公法的衔接,注重信息披露。第七部分,针对上述六部分进行概括总结。笔者认为,立法上应当充分肯定VIE协议的效力,但为了防止VIE协议的过度应用,需要限制VIE协议的适用范围,剔除对VIE效力制度产生不利影响的因素。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Domestic operators and the foreign investors take advantage of the different legal and accounting system, through the overseas registered within the territory of listed entities and business operation entity to sign a series of agreements, making foreign registration of listed entities and business operation entity within the territory separated, bypassing the regulatory requirements of national regulators, domestic business entities can achieve financing and foreign investors can implement indirect control of the domestic enterprises. A series of agreements signed in such a case, is called the VIE agreements. VIE agreements are the core of the VIE structure, and their essence is via an enterprise contract rather than ownership of another enterprise, in the form of indirect control.VIE agreements as the core of control mode, started in 2000, sina listed, then be copied by a large number of enterprises in our country, mainly used in TMT (technology/media/telecom) and other innovative, growth areas. With the rapid development of China's Internet industry and E-commerce, the VIE agreements as the core of the VIE structure for China have an outstanding contribution, there is no denying the fact. However, based on the conflict between the VIE agreements and the existing laws and regulations, adding the silence of regulators, the effectiveness of the VIE agreements keeps in controversial for a long time. As a result, the effectiveness of the VIE agreements is in fact "naked", with high legal risk.The author believes that the validity of VIE agreements, the core is whether VIE agreements are valid, whether VIE agreements shall be effective and what factors affect the validity VIE agreements. In order to fully clarify the three questions above, this article intends to proceed from seven parts:The first part, mainly from the reality, elaborate practical difficulties faced VIE agreements, leading to writing background, writing theme.The second part, mainly introduce the basic knowledge of the VIE agreements, including the concept and characters of the VIE agreements, the VIE agreements in the status of the VIE structure, the constitution of the VIE agreements, etc. Clearing the basic knowledge of the VIE agreements, could be helpful for understanding the effectiveness of the VIE agreements.The third part, mainly introduce the background and current situation of the development of the VIE agreements in China. Tell the truth, choosing the VIE agreements is the only way for the operators of the territory of China and the foreign investors. Now, the VIE agreements have a wide range and huge hidden risks, we should solve the problem of the VIE as soon as possible.The fourth part, mainly based on the current laws and regulations, analyze the effectiveness of the VIE agreements. VIE agreements do not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and regulations, and should not be read by "legal forms to cover illegal purposes", but the VIE agreements may be was declared void due to damage the social and public interests.The fifth part, the main theoretical effectiveness VIE agreements were re-analyzed. Based on the discussion of the five value theory and the "principle of proportionality" theory, the effect of VIE agreements should not be all negative, but the scope should be limited.The sixth part, specific measures are put forward to perfect the VIE agreement, Firstly, in the external environment, improve the domestic capital market system, establish a multi-level capital market, widen foreign access channels; Secondly, as for the self-improvement, timely amend the relevant provisions of "VIE" agreement to name, improve the provisions of the contract law about invalid contract, improve the operability of civil legislation, emphasize the convergence of civil legislation and public law, focusing on information disclosure.The seventh parts, the six parts above are summarized. The author believes that the effectiveness of VIE agreements on legislation should be fully affirmed, but in order to prevent excessive use VIE agreements, it is necessary to limit the scope of VIE agreements, excluding factors to adversely affect the VIE effective.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2026-03-19
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2015-05-24
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 54
  • dc.relation.relatedpublications
  • 目 录引 言. 1一、VIE协议面临的现实困境. 2二、VIE协议概述. 4(一)VIE协议概念初探. 4(二)VIE协议在协议控制中的地位. 6(三)VIE协议的构成. 7三、VIE协议在我国的产生与发展. 9(一)VIE协议的产生背景. 9(二)VIE协议在我国的发展. 12四、VIE协议效力分析. 13(一)合同有效的构成要件. 13(二)VIE协议相关案例分析. 15(三)VIE协议法律效力分析. 17五、VIE协议效力制度之反思. 21(一)认定合同效力的根本原则. 21(二)VIE协议合同效力之重新分析. 24六、VIE协议效力制度之完善. 28(一)VIE协议效力制度外部障碍之克服. 28(二)VIE协议效力制度之自我完善. 30七、结论. 32参考文献. 34致 谢. 37
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