流押条款界定

Study on definition of Fluidity Clause

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作者:

朱羿铭

导师:

周清林

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

其他

关键词:

流押条款;适用范围;构成要件;新型担保

摘要:

流押条款是指抵押权人与抵押人在设定抵押权时约定,当债务履行期届满债务人未为清偿时,抵押物归抵押权人。此条款起源于罗马法,大陆法系国家多继受此规定。关于其效力的争论也在该条款出现后从未停歇。各国对于其效力也各持己见,大陆法系多为禁止,英美法系多为承认。禁止的目的在于保护处于弱势一方的债务人利益。同时,也体现了民法的公平、等价有偿原则。我国《中国人民共和国物权法》第186条,《中华人民共和国担保法》第40条,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉若干问题的解释》第57条对于流押条款的构成要件、效力等内容作了较为详细的规定。然而在新近《最高人民法院公报》刊登的两则相似案例中,最高院却在流押条款的认定上产生了分歧,各地法院对于流押条款的认定也大相径庭。究其原因在于当前的民商事活动中,出现了现行法律无法调整的新型担保方式,导致司法实务中对于此类担保方式是否适用流押条款产生了较大争议。文章从当前我国的相关立法规定入手,结合相关理论与司法案例,在确定当前流押条款含义的基础上,重新界定流押条款,进而得出结论,即流押条款应当根据各种新型担保方式的性质而区分适用。文章除引言外,共有五部分:第一部分以介绍最高人民法院的两则公报案例为出发点,阐述最高人民法院关于这两则公报案例的审理思路。文章通过分析这两则案例,发现当前对于流押条款的认定在司法实务中存在较大争议。第二部分通过梳理我国当前立法对流押条款的规定,明确流押条款的适用范围与构成要件。在此基础之上,文章发现司法判例当中对于新型担保方式的认定存在问题,主要集中在流押条款的适用范围与构成要件两大方面。第三部分通过以体系解释等方式对现行立法进行解读,明确适用流押条款的前提条件,即流押条款的适用范围仅限于物的担保。基于此,探究该前提条件的特征,明确流押条款的适用范围,即其仅适用于具有物权性的担保方式。第四部分逐一对流押条款的构成要件进行分析,明确各构成要件的含义。结合当前法院判决与相关理论,得出结论。即对目的要件而言,应当是以担保债权为目的;对主体要件而言,其主体不应局限于抵押人与抵押权人,而是应为债权人与担保物所有权人;就时间要件而言,在债务期届满后,又重新约定新的借款期限,此应为新的借款合同,故应当属于流押条款。在所谓的“以物抵债”协议,在约定了清算程序或价值评估后,不应认定为流押条款,反之则应认定为流押条款;就对象要件而言,应为当时担保物的所有权,而非其他权利,例如经营权。就后果要件而言,应产生所有权发生移转于债权人的后果,并分析了“委托合同担保”与“买卖合同担保”这两类担保方式是否适用流押条款,两者均适用流押条款。第五部分对流押条款的含义进行重新界定,最终明确应当根据新型担保方式的性质,区别适用流押条款。

参考文献:

32

学科:

提交日期

2019-04-11

引用参考

朱羿铭. 流押条款界定[D]. 西南政法大学,2016.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 流押条款界定
  • dc.title
  • Study on definition of Fluidity Clause
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20140052011302
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 朱羿铭
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法律硕士
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2016
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 周清林
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 其他
  • dc.subject
  • 流押条款;适用范围;构成要件;新型担保
  • dc.subject
  • Fluidity Clause; Application; Constitutive Requirement; New Guarantee
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 流押条款是指抵押权人与抵押人在设定抵押权时约定,当债务履行期届满债务人未为清偿时,抵押物归抵押权人。此条款起源于罗马法,大陆法系国家多继受此规定。关于其效力的争论也在该条款出现后从未停歇。各国对于其效力也各持己见,大陆法系多为禁止,英美法系多为承认。禁止的目的在于保护处于弱势一方的债务人利益。同时,也体现了民法的公平、等价有偿原则。我国《中国人民共和国物权法》第186条,《中华人民共和国担保法》第40条,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国担保法〉若干问题的解释》第57条对于流押条款的构成要件、效力等内容作了较为详细的规定。然而在新近《最高人民法院公报》刊登的两则相似案例中,最高院却在流押条款的认定上产生了分歧,各地法院对于流押条款的认定也大相径庭。究其原因在于当前的民商事活动中,出现了现行法律无法调整的新型担保方式,导致司法实务中对于此类担保方式是否适用流押条款产生了较大争议。文章从当前我国的相关立法规定入手,结合相关理论与司法案例,在确定当前流押条款含义的基础上,重新界定流押条款,进而得出结论,即流押条款应当根据各种新型担保方式的性质而区分适用。文章除引言外,共有五部分:第一部分以介绍最高人民法院的两则公报案例为出发点,阐述最高人民法院关于这两则公报案例的审理思路。文章通过分析这两则案例,发现当前对于流押条款的认定在司法实务中存在较大争议。第二部分通过梳理我国当前立法对流押条款的规定,明确流押条款的适用范围与构成要件。在此基础之上,文章发现司法判例当中对于新型担保方式的认定存在问题,主要集中在流押条款的适用范围与构成要件两大方面。第三部分通过以体系解释等方式对现行立法进行解读,明确适用流押条款的前提条件,即流押条款的适用范围仅限于物的担保。基于此,探究该前提条件的特征,明确流押条款的适用范围,即其仅适用于具有物权性的担保方式。第四部分逐一对流押条款的构成要件进行分析,明确各构成要件的含义。结合当前法院判决与相关理论,得出结论。即对目的要件而言,应当是以担保债权为目的;对主体要件而言,其主体不应局限于抵押人与抵押权人,而是应为债权人与担保物所有权人;就时间要件而言,在债务期届满后,又重新约定新的借款期限,此应为新的借款合同,故应当属于流押条款。在所谓的“以物抵债”协议,在约定了清算程序或价值评估后,不应认定为流押条款,反之则应认定为流押条款;就对象要件而言,应为当时担保物的所有权,而非其他权利,例如经营权。就后果要件而言,应产生所有权发生移转于债权人的后果,并分析了“委托合同担保”与“买卖合同担保”这两类担保方式是否适用流押条款,两者均适用流押条款。第五部分对流押条款的含义进行重新界定,最终明确应当根据新型担保方式的性质,区别适用流押条款。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Fluidity clause refers to the agreement between the creditors and debtors that the creditors will have the ownership of the guaranty as long as the debtor cannot liquidate when the liquidation period expires. This clause derives from Roman law, and many Continental law countries carried on. Debate on the effectiveness of fluidity clause never ends. Continental law countries forbid this clause for the purpose of protecting the benefit of debtors who are in the vulnerable position and embodying the principle of fairness and of compensation for equal value. The Article 186 of Property Law, the Article 40 of Guarantee Law and the Article 57 of Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Some Issues Regarding the Application of Security Law of the People's Republic of China regulate the constitutive requirement and effectiveness of fluidity clause elaborately. However, the decisions of two cases which are published on the Gazette of the Supreme Peoples Court are in contrast. Moreover, the local courts also make different decisions on the fluidity clause. The reason why this happens is that there is new guarantee in recent business transactions. This paper certifies the definition and application of fluidity clause, which is based on the legislation, theories and judicial practices. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into five parts, as follows: The first part introduces two cases on the Gazette of the Supreme Peoples Court and their judicial reasoning, through which this paper introduces the debate on the fluidity clause. The second part clarifies the application and constitutive requirements of fluidity clause by studying the current legislation, on the basis of which the paper concludes that the contention of defining new guarantee in the precedent cases mainly focus on its application and constitutive requirements. The third part discusses the precondition of fluidity clause through systematic explanation to current legislation, which is the application of fluidity clause is limited to the material guarantee. By clarifying the characteristics of the precondition, this paper certified the application of fluidity clause, namely, the fluidity clause is only applied in the guarantee which is featured in property right. The forth part analyzes the constitutive requirements of new guarantee. By studying the judicial cases and theories, it is concluded that the purpose of new guarantee is security interest. The requirement of subject of the new guarantee is the obligee and the owner of guaranty. As for the requirement of time, if there is a new agreement on liquidation period when the period expires, it is a new loan contract and can be defined as fluidity clause. If the parties agree on the liquidation process or value assessment in the deal, it shall not be recognized as fluidity clause, otherwise it is. The requirement of object of the new guarantee is the title of guaranty. The consequence of the new guarantee is that the title of guaranty shall be assigned to the obligee. This paper also concludes that the fluidity clause can be applied in the commission contract and sales contract. The fifth part defines the fluidity clause, and concludes that the fluidity clause shall be applied differently by its nature.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D
  • dc.description.sponsorship
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2016-05-29
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
  • 32
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