“捕诉合一”的域外实践及其启示

Foreign Practices of Integration of Arrest Approval and Public Prosecution and Their Implication for China

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归属学者：

孙长永

归属院系：

法学院

作者：

孙长永

摘要：

自近代以来,"捕诉合一"作为一种制度主要存在于采用威权体制的苏联以及受到苏联制度深度影响的部分国家,而在采用议会民主制和市场经济体制的西方法治国家,"捕诉合一"的现象只在少数国家存在过。自20世纪80年代末开始,原来采取"捕诉合一"制度的国家绝大多数通过修改宪法和法律废止了这一制度,通过独立、公正的司法机关保障公民的人身自由并为自由受到任意侵犯的个人提供有效的司法救济,成为这些国家政治法律制度改革的一个基本方向,国际社会关于刑事诉讼中剥夺人身自由的正当程序也已达成共识。"捕诉合一"的核心问题在于,由缺乏必要的独立性和中立性的检察官行使批准逮捕的权力,既不符合刑事诉讼制度的发展规律,也违反了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》等国际性、区域性人权公约的相关规定。我国应及时终止检察机关的所谓"捕诉一体"改革,废止"捕诉合一"的法律制度,以便为国家批准《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》扫清障碍。

语种：

中文

出版日期：

2019-09-28

学科：

诉讼法学

收录：

北大核心期刊; CSSCI

提交日期：

2019-12-25

引用参考：

孙长永. “捕诉合一”的域外实践及其启示[J]. 环球法律评论,2019(05):5-28.

全文附件授权许可：

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • “捕诉合一”的域外实践及其启示
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 孙长永
  • dc.contributor.author
  • Sun Changyong
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 西南政法大学诉讼法与司法改革研究中心
  • dc.publisher
  • 环球法律评论
  • dc.publisher
  • Global Law Review
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2019
  • dc.identifier.issue
  • 05
  • dc.identifier.volume
  • v.41;No.223
  • dc.identifier.page
  • 5-28
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2019-09-28
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 捕诉合一;司法权力;检察权;欧洲人权;国际人权公约
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 自近代以来,"捕诉合一"作为一种制度主要存在于采用威权体制的苏联以及受到苏联制度深度影响的部分国家,而在采用议会民主制和市场经济体制的西方法治国家,"捕诉合一"的现象只在少数国家存在过。自20世纪80年代末开始,原来采取"捕诉合一"制度的国家绝大多数通过修改宪法和法律废止了这一制度,通过独立、公正的司法机关保障公民的人身自由并为自由受到任意侵犯的个人提供有效的司法救济,成为这些国家政治法律制度改革的一个基本方向,国际社会关于刑事诉讼中剥夺人身自由的正当程序也已达成共识。"捕诉合一"的核心问题在于,由缺乏必要的独立性和中立性的检察官行使批准逮捕的权力,既不符合刑事诉讼制度的发展规律,也违反了《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》等国际性、区域性人权公约的相关规定。我国应及时终止检察机关的所谓"捕诉一体"改革,废止"捕诉合一"的法律制度,以便为国家批准《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》扫清障碍。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Since the modern times, the system of "the integration of the authorities of pretrial detention and public prosecution" has mainly existed in the Soviet Union, which adopted the authoritarian system, and some countries that are deeply influenced by the Soviet system, but has been a rare phenomenon in western countries that adopt the parliamentary democracy and the market economy system based on rule of law. Since the end of the 1980 s, the vast majority of countries that had adopted the system of "the integration of the authorities of pretrial detention and public prosecution" have abolished this system by amending their constitutions and laws. It has become a basic direction of the reform of political and legal systems in these countries to guarantee personal freedom of citizens through independent and impartial judicial organs that provide effective judicial relief for victims of human rights violations. The international community has also reached a consensus on the principle of due process of law in the deprivation of personal liberty in criminal proceedings. The core issue of "the integration of the authorities of pretrial detention and public prosecution" is that the public prosecutor who has the power to approve pre-trial detentions lacks the necessary institutional independence and impartiality to be compatible with the law of development of the criminal procedure system and relevant provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and other international and regional human rights conventions. The procuratorial organs in China should promptly terminate the so-called "reform" aimed at "the integration of the authorities of pretrial detention and public prosecution" and abolish the related systems, so as to remove the institutional obstacles to China's ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
  • dc.description.sponsorship
  • “全国文化名家暨‘四个一批’人才”专项资金的资助
  • dc.identifier.CN
  • 11-4560/D
  • dc.identifier.issn
  • 1009-6728
  • dc.identifier.if
  • 0.560
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D925.2
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