日本意定监护制度研究

Study on Japanese Self-Determined Guardianship System

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作者:

李博

导师:

张建文

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

成年监护;意定监护;意定监护合同;意定监护人;意定监护监督

摘要:

日本为应对国内日益严峻的人口老龄化问题,顺应世界各国成年监护领域改革的风潮,于20世纪末开始改革成年监护领域从明治时代便开始适用的禁治产、准禁治产制度。1999年12月1日日本第一百四十六次国会审议通过了包括意定监护制度在内的新的成年监护制度,并于2000年4月1日起实施了《意定监护合同法》。意定监护制度以尊重本人的自我决定权为基本理念,本人可以依自己的意愿选任监护人,预先将自己在判断能力衰退或丧失后的生活照料、财产管理等全部或部分事务,通过意定监护合同的形式委托给该监护人,为保障合同的顺利实施该制度以向法院申请选任监督人为生效要件,一切要以本人的最佳利益为出发点。本文主要对日本的意定监护制度进行介绍,并分析了近年的实施现状和暴露的问题。本文总共分为五个部分: 第一部分是日本意定监护制度的立法背景,主要从日本国内的社会环境变化和国外的立法动态两方面对当时的立法背景进行详细地论述,并且回顾了日本意定监护制度的确立过程,同时从意定监护制度的概念、基本理念和与法定监护的关系对意定监护制度进行了理论界定,明晰了意定监护制度的轮廓与内容。 第二部分论述了日本意定监护制度中的意定监护合同,主要按照时间先后的顺序论述了意定监护合同从成立、登记到生效及终止的过程。 第三部分论述了日本意定监护的监督机制,意定监护的监督机制是日本意定监护制度极具创新和特色的制度,采用了公权力监督和私力监督的结合,由法院选任出意定监护监督人,意定监护监督人实施直接监督,法院通过意定监护监督人实施间接监督。 第四部分主要通过表格的形式展现了使用意定监护制度的人群数量、使用目的和监护人选择来全方位地论述该制度的实施现状,并且总结了制度适用近二十年来产生的问题及学者提出的建议和解决方案,希望能有更多的人群了解意定监护制度并促进其使用。 第五部分从前文论述的日本意定监护制度的可取之处以及实施过程产生的问题归纳出借鉴意义,主要有三方面:明确意定监护的适用序位、以公证作为意定监护合同的成立要件以及确立公权力和私力相结合的意定监护监督模式,期望我国意定监护制度今后能进一步的完善。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2020-06-24

引用参考

李博. 日本意定监护制度研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2020.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 日本意定监护制度研究
  • dc.title
  • Study on Japanese Self-Determined Guardianship System
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20170301050473
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 李博
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2020
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 民法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张建文
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 成年监护,意定监护,意定监护合同,意定监护人,意定监护监督
  • dc.subject
  • guardianship; adult guardianship;self-determined guardianship; self-determined guardianship contract; self-determined guardianship supervisor
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 日本为应对国内日益严峻的人口老龄化问题,顺应世界各国成年监护领域改革的风潮,于20世纪末开始改革成年监护领域从明治时代便开始适用的禁治产、准禁治产制度。1999年12月1日日本第一百四十六次国会审议通过了包括意定监护制度在内的新的成年监护制度,并于2000年4月1日起实施了《意定监护合同法》。意定监护制度以尊重本人的自我决定权为基本理念,本人可以依自己的意愿选任监护人,预先将自己在判断能力衰退或丧失后的生活照料、财产管理等全部或部分事务,通过意定监护合同的形式委托给该监护人,为保障合同的顺利实施该制度以向法院申请选任监督人为生效要件,一切要以本人的最佳利益为出发点。本文主要对日本的意定监护制度进行介绍,并分析了近年的实施现状和暴露的问题。本文总共分为五个部分: 第一部分是日本意定监护制度的立法背景,主要从日本国内的社会环境变化和国外的立法动态两方面对当时的立法背景进行详细地论述,并且回顾了日本意定监护制度的确立过程,同时从意定监护制度的概念、基本理念和与法定监护的关系对意定监护制度进行了理论界定,明晰了意定监护制度的轮廓与内容。 第二部分论述了日本意定监护制度中的意定监护合同,主要按照时间先后的顺序论述了意定监护合同从成立、登记到生效及终止的过程。 第三部分论述了日本意定监护的监督机制,意定监护的监督机制是日本意定监护制度极具创新和特色的制度,采用了公权力监督和私力监督的结合,由法院选任出意定监护监督人,意定监护监督人实施直接监督,法院通过意定监护监督人实施间接监督。 第四部分主要通过表格的形式展现了使用意定监护制度的人群数量、使用目的和监护人选择来全方位地论述该制度的实施现状,并且总结了制度适用近二十年来产生的问题及学者提出的建议和解决方案,希望能有更多的人群了解意定监护制度并促进其使用。 第五部分从前文论述的日本意定监护制度的可取之处以及实施过程产生的问题归纳出借鉴意义,主要有三方面:明确意定监护的适用序位、以公证作为意定监护合同的成立要件以及确立公权力和私力相结合的意定监护监督模式,期望我国意定监护制度今后能进一步的完善。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • In order to adapt to the increasingly serious population aging problem in Japan, and conform to the trend of the reform in the field of adult guardianship in the world, Japan began to reform the system of prohibition and quasi prohibition in the field of adult guardianship since the Meiji era at the end of the 20th century. On December 1, 1999, Japan's 146th Congress deliberated and approved a new adult guardianship system, including the self-determined guardianship system, and implemented the self-determined guardianship contract law from April 1, 2000. The basic idea of the self-determined guardianship system is to respect my right of self-determination. A preson can choose a guardian according to his own will, entrust all or part of my life care, property management and other affairs after the decline or loss of judgment ability to the guardian in advance through the form of the self-determined guardianship contract. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the contract, he can apply to the court for appointment supervision. This paper mainly introduces the self-determined guardianship system in Japan, and analyzes the current situation of its implementation and the problems exposed in recent years. This paper is divided into five parts: The first part is the legislative background of the self-determined guardianship system in Japan. It mainly discusses the legislative background in detail from the changes of social environment in Japan and the legislative dynamics in foreign countries, and reviews the establishment process of the system in Japan. At the same time, it analyzes the concept, basic concepts and the relationship with legal guardianship of the self-determined guardianship system On the definition, the outline and content of the self-determined guardianship system are clarified. The second part mainly discusses the self-determined guardianship contract in the Japanese voluntary guardianship system, mainly discusses the process of the establishment, registration, effectiveness and termination of the self-determined guardianship contract according to the sequence of time. The third part discusses the supervision mechanism of the self-determined guardianship in Japan. The supervision mechanism of the self-determined guardianship is a very innovative and characteristic system. It adopts the combination of public power supervision and private supervision. The court selects the guardianship supervisor, and the supervisor implements direct supervision. The court implements indirect supervision through the self-determined guardianship supervisor. The fourth part mainly shows the number of people, the purpose of use and the choice of guardians in the form of tables to discuss the current situation of the implementation of the system in an all-round way, and summarizes the problems in the application of the system in the past 20 years and the solutions proposed by scholars, hoping that more people can understand the system and promote its use. The fifth part sums up the significance of reference from the advantages of the self-determined guardianship system in Japan and the problems in the process of implementation. There are three aspects: making clear the implementation sequence of the self-determined guardianship, taking notarization as the elements of the establishment of the self-determined guardianship contract and establishing the mode of self-determined guardianship supervision combining public power and private power. We hope that the self-determined guardianship system in China can be further developed in the future perfection.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2020-06-21
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2020-06-14
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