王政、法律与城邦的黄昏——柏拉图《政治家》的政体理论研究

Kingship,Law and the Nightfall of City-state——On Plato's Theory of the Polity in Statesman

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归属学者:

王恒

归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

王恒1

摘要:

如果说"主权学说"标志着现代国家理论的诞生,前现代的国家理论则为"政体类型学"所主导。在西方政治思想史上,对"政体类型学"做系统、深入研究的当属柏拉图,他的研究为古典政体理论奠定了基础。柏拉图的政体学说集中体现在《理想国》、《政治家》和《法篇》诸篇中,其中,《政治家》恰好处于《理想国》和《法篇》之间,可谓连接《理想国》和《法篇》的桥梁。在《政治家》中,柏拉图借埃利亚陌生人之口,提出了"第七种政体",意在表明自己在政体问题上的新立场——一种不同于《理想国》中"哲人王"的统治立场。柏拉图开始认为,政治的完美性根本不能建立在超乎常人的统治者这一基础之上,因此,对于人类而言,最好的政体或统治方式就是对"第七种政体"最漂亮的模仿,即王政或依据法律治理的一个人统治。这表明柏拉图的政体理论开始发生转变:从"哲人王"的统治开始转向神圣法律的统治。同时,《政治家》为《法篇》提出或确定了问题意识,整个《法篇》不过是在具体回答《政治家》提出的问题。由此可见,《政治家》在柏拉图的整个理论中占据着重要位置。对于任何研究柏拉图哲学和政治思想的人来说,《政治家》都是一扇必须穿越的门。

出版日期:

2019-03-31

学科:

政治学理论

提交日期

2020-12-04

引用参考

王恒. 王政、法律与城邦的黄昏——柏拉图《政治家》的政体理论研究[J]. 重庆大学法律评论,2019(01):3-20.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 王政、法律与城邦的黄昏——柏拉图《政治家》的政体理论研究
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 王恒
  • dc.contributor.author
  • Wang Heng
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 西南政法大学行政法学院
  • dc.publisher
  • 重庆大学法律评论
  • dc.publisher
  • Law Review of Chongqing University
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2019
  • dc.identifier.issue
  • 01
  • dc.identifier.page
  • 3-20
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2019-03-31
  • dc.subject
  • 柏拉图;《政治家》;政体;王政;法律
  • dc.subject
  • Plato;Statesman;Polity;City-state;Kingship;Law
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 如果说"主权学说"标志着现代国家理论的诞生,前现代的国家理论则为"政体类型学"所主导。在西方政治思想史上,对"政体类型学"做系统、深入研究的当属柏拉图,他的研究为古典政体理论奠定了基础。柏拉图的政体学说集中体现在《理想国》、《政治家》和《法篇》诸篇中,其中,《政治家》恰好处于《理想国》和《法篇》之间,可谓连接《理想国》和《法篇》的桥梁。在《政治家》中,柏拉图借埃利亚陌生人之口,提出了"第七种政体",意在表明自己在政体问题上的新立场——一种不同于《理想国》中"哲人王"的统治立场。柏拉图开始认为,政治的完美性根本不能建立在超乎常人的统治者这一基础之上,因此,对于人类而言,最好的政体或统治方式就是对"第七种政体"最漂亮的模仿,即王政或依据法律治理的一个人统治。这表明柏拉图的政体理论开始发生转变:从"哲人王"的统治开始转向神圣法律的统治。同时,《政治家》为《法篇》提出或确定了问题意识,整个《法篇》不过是在具体回答《政治家》提出的问题。由此可见,《政治家》在柏拉图的整个理论中占据着重要位置。对于任何研究柏拉图哲学和政治思想的人来说,《政治家》都是一扇必须穿越的门。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • If we say that the doctrine of sovereignty marks the birth of the modern theory of state,then the pre-modern theory of state is dominated by polity typology. In western political thoughts history,Plato is the earliest thinker who had made systematic and intensive researches to the polity typology,and which had laid a foundation for classic polity theory. Plato' s polity doctrine is particularly reflected in his important literatures,such as the Republic,Statesman and De legibus. Among them,Statesman is just between the Repulic and De Legibus,so we had better treat it as a bridge which connects the Repulic with De Legibus. In Statesman,Plato had put forward "the Seventh Polity"through the mouth of Elia stranger,and aimed to express his new standpoints in the doctrine of the polity,which is different from the standpoint of "philosopher-king"in the Republic. Plato began to think that the perfection of the politics can' t be built on the basis that the ruler is a superman,so from the viewpoint of human being,the best polity or the governance is a smart imitation to "the Seventh polity",that is,governance only by one man who is amenable to law. That manifests that Plato' s polity theory began to change from the governance of philosopher-king to the saint law. At the same time,we can say that Statesman propose some questions which will be answered by De Legibus,so the whole of De Legibus is trying to answer these questions. In sum,Statesman took up an important position in Plato' s works,and for any people who study Plato' s legal and political philosophy,Statesman is a door any researchers must pass through. As we know,Statesman was written in the eve of the corruption of Athens city-state system,so we can think Statesman as a respond to the dilemma of city-state.
  • dc.subject.discipline
  • D091.2
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