詹姆斯·麦迪逊多元民主思想研究

A Study of James Madison's Pluralistic Democratic Thought

传播影响力
本库下载频次:
本库浏览频次:
CNKI下载频次:0

归属院系:

行政法学院

作者:

赵瑞芳

导师:

朱学平

导师单位:

行政法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

詹姆斯·麦迪逊;多元民主;党争;分权制衡;大共和制

摘要:

詹姆斯·麦迪逊是美国多元民主理论的先驱。他的多元民主思想为美国联邦宪法的订立及美国政府机构的设置奠定了基础,也对美国乃至世界上的民主都产生了深远影响。年轻时期的麦迪逊对古典共和思想进行了深入的学习与研究,对其去糟取精,并从对人性的理解出发,以大共和国制来抑制党争,应对美国独立战争之后产生的问题和挑战。他允许各利益集团的存在,如此便能使其在多元竞争中得以平衡与妥协。分寸、节制与平衡是麦迪逊思想中的一大特点。麦迪逊的多元民主思想建立在美国党争问题之上,主要体现在大共和制和分权制衡机制之中。本文由六部分构成。引言部分首先介绍文章写作的意义和创新点。然后综述国内外学者对论文主题的已有研究,指出目前该主题研究的进展及不足。第一章论述麦迪逊多元民主思想产生的现实背景与思想背景。美洲殖民地获得独立后,13个州共同签订了《邦联条例》,形成政治联合体。但这一联合体实际上十分松散,邦联政府与各州政府摩擦、冲突不断,政治、经济、文化等方面呈现多样化。这种情况构成麦迪逊思考的现实背景。另一方面,麦迪逊的多元民主思想建立在对人性的思考和对古典共和思想的批判与继承之上。他相信公民美德的存在,在“混合政体”的基础上发展出自己的分权制衡模式,创造性地将共和制度运用到疆域辽阔的美国。第二章主要探讨麦迪逊多元民主思想产生的原因,也是他当时所面临的、急需解决的问题——党争。麦迪逊从党争的来源、定义、危害等方面进行分析,得出党争无法根除的结论。基于此,麦迪逊另辟蹊径,从控制党争后果出发,借助利益集团、党争的存在构建他的多元化社会。他将利益集团和党派尽可能地多元化,并通过它们之间的对立、竞争实现各党派之间的制约和平衡。第三章论述麦迪逊的多元民主思想的具体体现。其多元民主思想主要体现在分权制衡机制和大共和制之中。麦迪逊认为人有劣根性,人也是感性动物,感性容易战胜理性。因此,不能将权力集中到特定人手中,需要对权力加以限制。他提出以分权的政治机制限制政府权力,减少权力滥用的风险。为此,麦迪逊提出他的分权制衡机制。权力分立是该机制的基础,权力制衡是其关键。为避免“多数人暴政”,麦迪逊又创造出他独树一帜的大共和国理念。大共和国下代议制的实施,是人民主权的充分体现,人民有了更好的表达途径。这一制度以美国的具体状况为基础,保障人民权利。第四章主要阐述麦迪逊多元民主思想对美国的贡献及其存在的局限性。麦迪逊的多元民主思想对美国政体的确立和政治思想的发展均有卓越贡献,影响深远。麦迪逊帮助美国人民获得民族解放和民主自由。但这一思想也日益产生不平等,非民主的局限,使得美国民主形式重于实质。结语部分对全文内容进行总结,再次说明麦迪逊多元民主思想对美国建国及之后产生的重要影响,指明麦迪逊在妥协中为美国摸索出了他所能设想的最好的政体形式。

学科:

法学理论

提交日期:

2021-06-21

引用参考:

赵瑞芳. 詹姆斯·麦迪逊多元民主思想研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2021.

全文附件授权许可:

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 詹姆斯·麦迪逊多元民主思想研究
  • dc.title
  • A Study of James Madison's Pluralistic Democratic Thought
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20180301010057
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 赵瑞芳
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2021
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 西方法理学
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 朱学平
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 詹姆斯·麦迪逊,多元民主,党争,分权制衡,大共和制
  • dc.subject
  • Pluralist Democracy; Extended Republic;Separation of Powers and Check and Balance
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 詹姆斯·麦迪逊是美国多元民主理论的先驱。他的多元民主思想为美国联邦宪法的订立及美国政府机构的设置奠定了基础,也对美国乃至世界上的民主都产生了深远影响。年轻时期的麦迪逊对古典共和思想进行了深入的学习与研究,对其去糟取精,并从对人性的理解出发,以大共和国制来抑制党争,应对美国独立战争之后产生的问题和挑战。他允许各利益集团的存在,如此便能使其在多元竞争中得以平衡与妥协。分寸、节制与平衡是麦迪逊思想中的一大特点。麦迪逊的多元民主思想建立在美国党争问题之上,主要体现在大共和制和分权制衡机制之中。本文由六部分构成。引言部分首先介绍文章写作的意义和创新点。然后综述国内外学者对论文主题的已有研究,指出目前该主题研究的进展及不足。第一章论述麦迪逊多元民主思想产生的现实背景与思想背景。美洲殖民地获得独立后,13个州共同签订了《邦联条例》,形成政治联合体。但这一联合体实际上十分松散,邦联政府与各州政府摩擦、冲突不断,政治、经济、文化等方面呈现多样化。这种情况构成麦迪逊思考的现实背景。另一方面,麦迪逊的多元民主思想建立在对人性的思考和对古典共和思想的批判与继承之上。他相信公民美德的存在,在“混合政体”的基础上发展出自己的分权制衡模式,创造性地将共和制度运用到疆域辽阔的美国。第二章主要探讨麦迪逊多元民主思想产生的原因,也是他当时所面临的、急需解决的问题——党争。麦迪逊从党争的来源、定义、危害等方面进行分析,得出党争无法根除的结论。基于此,麦迪逊另辟蹊径,从控制党争后果出发,借助利益集团、党争的存在构建他的多元化社会。他将利益集团和党派尽可能地多元化,并通过它们之间的对立、竞争实现各党派之间的制约和平衡。第三章论述麦迪逊的多元民主思想的具体体现。其多元民主思想主要体现在分权制衡机制和大共和制之中。麦迪逊认为人有劣根性,人也是感性动物,感性容易战胜理性。因此,不能将权力集中到特定人手中,需要对权力加以限制。他提出以分权的政治机制限制政府权力,减少权力滥用的风险。为此,麦迪逊提出他的分权制衡机制。权力分立是该机制的基础,权力制衡是其关键。为避免“多数人暴政”,麦迪逊又创造出他独树一帜的大共和国理念。大共和国下代议制的实施,是人民主权的充分体现,人民有了更好的表达途径。这一制度以美国的具体状况为基础,保障人民权利。第四章主要阐述麦迪逊多元民主思想对美国的贡献及其存在的局限性。麦迪逊的多元民主思想对美国政体的确立和政治思想的发展均有卓越贡献,影响深远。麦迪逊帮助美国人民获得民族解放和民主自由。但这一思想也日益产生不平等,非民主的局限,使得美国民主形式重于实质。结语部分对全文内容进行总结,再次说明麦迪逊多元民主思想对美国建国及之后产生的重要影响,指明麦迪逊在妥协中为美国摸索出了他所能设想的最好的政体形式。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • James was the pioneer of the American theory of pluralistic democracy.His pluralistic democratic thought has had a profound influence on the United States and even the world.Madison took the essence from the classical republicanism. Based on the classical liberalism, starting from the understanding of human nature, Madison adopted the great republic system to restrain party contention and to deal with the problems and challenges arising after the American War of Independence.He allowed the existence of various interest groups and encouraged them to actively participate in politics, so that they could achieve balance and compromise in a highly polarized and diversified process of competition and contain each other.Moderation, moderation and balance are the main characteristics of Madison's thought.Madison's idea of pluralistic democracy is based on the problem of party struggle in the United States, which is mainly reflected in the Extended Republic and Separation of Powers and Check and Balance.This paper consists of six parts.The introduction introduces the writing significance, innovation and literature review of the paper.The first chapter mainly explains the background of Madison's thought.After the American colonies gained their independence, the 13 states signed the Articles of Confederation to form a political union.But this union is actually very loose, the confederation government and the state government friction, conflict constantly, politics, economy, culture and other aspects presented pluralism.This situation forms the realistic background for Madison's thinking.On the other hand,Madison's pluralistic democratic thought originated from his thinking of human nature and his understanding of classical republic.He believed in the existence of civic virtue, developed his own model of checks and balances based on the "mixed balanced polity", and creatively applied the Extended Republic to the United States.The second chapter discusses the problem that Madison faced at that time and needs to be solved urgently -- party contention.Madison analyzed the source, definition and harm of partisanship, and drew the conclusion that partisanship could not be eradicated.Based on this, Madison found a new way to construct his pluralistic society with the help of interest groups and party disputes, starting from the control of the consequences of party disputes.The interest groups and parties should be diversified as much as possible, and the restriction and balance among the parties should be realized through their opposition and competition.The third chapter discusses the concrete embodiment of Madison's pluralistic democratic thought.The pluralistic democratic thought is mainly reflected in the Extended Republic and Separation of Powers and Check and Balance.Madison believed that human beings have a bad nature, and human beings are also emotional animals. Emotion easily trumps reason. Therefore, power cannot be concentrated in the hands of specific people, and power should be restricted.He proposed to limit the power of the government with the political mechanism of decentralization to reduce the risk of abuse of power.A system of checks and balances was born.To avoid the "tyranny of the majority," Madison created his own idea of a great republic.The implementation of the representative system under the Great Republic is the full embodiment of people's sovereignty, and the people have a better way to express themselves.This system guarantees the rights of the people based on the specific conditions of the United States.The fourth chapter mainly expounds the contribution and the existing problems of Madison's thought.The contribution of Madison's pluralistic democratic thought is self-evident and far-reaching.Madison helped the American people achieve true national liberation and democratic freedom.But this idea has also increasingly produced inequalities, undemocratic dilemmas, and made American democracy form more important than substance.The epilogue summarizes the whole text,explains again the important influence of Madison's pluralistic democratic thought on the founding of the United States and the subsequent period, and points out that Madison did what he could for the United States.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2021-06-09
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2021-06-06
回到顶部