我国证券市场信息披露“重大性”标准研究

Research on the “Materiality” Standard of Information Disclosure in China

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作者:

蔡璇

导师:

林少伟

导师单位:

民商法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

信息披露;重大性标准;理性投资者;定性定量方法;实证分析

摘要:

新《证券法》施行以来,证券发行由“核准”制改为“注册”制,信息披露从侧重满足监管需要转为满足投资者实际投资决策需要。信息披露重大性认定的现有立法标准是否与注册制发行的实施理念相适应,以及如何明确重大性标准的外延界定、落实其在司法实践中的判断规则,回应司法层面对重大性披露标准缺乏统一裁判路径、亟待改革的现实要求,是证券法“注册制”改革背景下无法回避的现实难题。有鉴于此,本文通过对我国现行信息披露制度中的重大性标准立法进行考察,并立足我国本土信息披露重大性标准司法实践演化实证数据化分析的纵向研究基础,提炼出重大性标准认定所面临的实践难题,结合域外信息披露重大性标准所体现和遵循的立法规范,试图为我国信息披露重大性制度提出相应完善建议。文章囊括四部分,具体内容如下:第一部分是对重大性标准进行概述。从重大性概念的厘定着手,阐述重大性标准的具体内涵,并论述在此概念基础上逐渐形成的以美国为首的影响投资者判断和以欧盟为首的影响证券价格来界定“重大性”的二元标准,比较两种标准的异同;考察我国重大性标准的立法沿革,指出证券发行注册制下,监管机构由“守门人式监管”转变为“补正式监管”,需要在立法体例中探索可供普遍适用的重大性立法标准。第二部分是对信息披露重大性标准进行实践检视。从当事人提出的抗辩理由及执法、司法机关各自的裁判逻辑入手进行对比分析,揭示我国在认定案涉信息是否具备重大性时的难点和挑战。首先,概因“重大性”具有概念抽象、外延不确定的特点,法律无法规定所有情形和量化标准,当事人据此存在非法定类型等三类抗辩理由;其次,就判定重大性的裁判思路而言,执法层面的裁判逻辑以案涉金额的绝对数额或相对占比作为主要裁判标准,理性投资者标准为补充;不同的是,司法层面的裁判逻辑根据理性投资者和价格敏感性标准分别引入定性和定量方法。第三部分对重大性标准的立法和实践困境进行剖析。从我国语境出发,梳理我国现行立法对“重大性”的概括和列举式规定,分析立法体例中存在的界定标准不一致、列举事项缺乏科学性等问题;依据实证成果,剖析执法和司法实务中存在的问题:其一,认定重大性时,执法机关存在宽泛援引法条,模糊判断的问题;其二,执法机关和司法机关就理性投资者和价格敏感性标准的适用不一致;其三,运用定性与定量方法进行综合分析尚未形成统一、科学可供沿用的裁判思路,定量方式缺乏可供参考的量化指标,定性方式未明确理性投资者外延,具有极大不确定性。第四部分提出重大性认定标准的完善之道。通过实证分析可发现我国重大性标准的认定困境源于立法的逻辑缺位和实践中统一思路的缺乏,应从这两方面共同展开。具言之,在立法层面应明确理性投资者的统一标准、确立法定披露清单的优先级等;在实践层面,应适用定量分析优先,定性分析兜底的二元判断规则构建司法裁判规则体系,同时辅以不同行业的重大性披露指引,并通过证券示范判决完善重大事件判断标准,以期为我国“重大性”披露标准的立法和司法认定规则的完善提供浅薄助益。

学科:

民商法学

提交日期

2022-06-18

引用参考

蔡璇. 我国证券市场信息披露“重大性”标准研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2022.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 我国证券市场信息披露“重大性”标准研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on the “Materiality” Standard of Information Disclosure in China
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20190301050379
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 蔡璇
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2022
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 证券法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 林少伟
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 信息披露,重大性标准,理性投资者,定性定量方法,实证分析
  • dc.subject
  • Information Disclosure; Materiality Criteria; Rational Investors; Empirical Analysis
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 新《证券法》施行以来,证券发行由“核准”制改为“注册”制,信息披露从侧重满足监管需要转为满足投资者实际投资决策需要。信息披露重大性认定的现有立法标准是否与注册制发行的实施理念相适应,以及如何明确重大性标准的外延界定、落实其在司法实践中的判断规则,回应司法层面对重大性披露标准缺乏统一裁判路径、亟待改革的现实要求,是证券法“注册制”改革背景下无法回避的现实难题。有鉴于此,本文通过对我国现行信息披露制度中的重大性标准立法进行考察,并立足我国本土信息披露重大性标准司法实践演化实证数据化分析的纵向研究基础,提炼出重大性标准认定所面临的实践难题,结合域外信息披露重大性标准所体现和遵循的立法规范,试图为我国信息披露重大性制度提出相应完善建议。文章囊括四部分,具体内容如下:第一部分是对重大性标准进行概述。从重大性概念的厘定着手,阐述重大性标准的具体内涵,并论述在此概念基础上逐渐形成的以美国为首的影响投资者判断和以欧盟为首的影响证券价格来界定“重大性”的二元标准,比较两种标准的异同;考察我国重大性标准的立法沿革,指出证券发行注册制下,监管机构由“守门人式监管”转变为“补正式监管”,需要在立法体例中探索可供普遍适用的重大性立法标准。第二部分是对信息披露重大性标准进行实践检视。从当事人提出的抗辩理由及执法、司法机关各自的裁判逻辑入手进行对比分析,揭示我国在认定案涉信息是否具备重大性时的难点和挑战。首先,概因“重大性”具有概念抽象、外延不确定的特点,法律无法规定所有情形和量化标准,当事人据此存在非法定类型等三类抗辩理由;其次,就判定重大性的裁判思路而言,执法层面的裁判逻辑以案涉金额的绝对数额或相对占比作为主要裁判标准,理性投资者标准为补充;不同的是,司法层面的裁判逻辑根据理性投资者和价格敏感性标准分别引入定性和定量方法。第三部分对重大性标准的立法和实践困境进行剖析。从我国语境出发,梳理我国现行立法对“重大性”的概括和列举式规定,分析立法体例中存在的界定标准不一致、列举事项缺乏科学性等问题;依据实证成果,剖析执法和司法实务中存在的问题:其一,认定重大性时,执法机关存在宽泛援引法条,模糊判断的问题;其二,执法机关和司法机关就理性投资者和价格敏感性标准的适用不一致;其三,运用定性与定量方法进行综合分析尚未形成统一、科学可供沿用的裁判思路,定量方式缺乏可供参考的量化指标,定性方式未明确理性投资者外延,具有极大不确定性。第四部分提出重大性认定标准的完善之道。通过实证分析可发现我国重大性标准的认定困境源于立法的逻辑缺位和实践中统一思路的缺乏,应从这两方面共同展开。具言之,在立法层面应明确理性投资者的统一标准、确立法定披露清单的优先级等;在实践层面,应适用定量分析优先,定性分析兜底的二元判断规则构建司法裁判规则体系,同时辅以不同行业的重大性披露指引,并通过证券示范判决完善重大事件判断标准,以期为我国“重大性”披露标准的立法和司法认定规则的完善提供浅薄助益。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Since the implementation of the new securities law, the securities issuance has changed from the “approval” system to the “registration” system, and the information disclosure has changed from focusing on meeting the regulatory needs to meeting the actual investment decision-making needs of investors. Whether the existing legislative standards for the determination of the materiality of information disclosure are compatible with the implementation concept of registration system issuance, and how to clarify the extension definition of the materiality standard, implement the judgment rules in its judicial practice, and respond to the practical requirements of the judicial level that the materiality disclosure standard lacks a unified judgment path and urgently needs to be reformed. It is an unavoidable practical problem under the background of the reform of “registration system” of securities law. In view of this, by investigating the legislation of materiality standards in China's current information disclosure system, and based on the vertical research basis of empirical data analysis of the evolution of judicial practice of China's local information disclosure materiality standards, this thesis abstracts the practical problems faced by the identification of materiality standards, combines with the legislative norms embodied and followed by foreign information disclosure materiality standards, attempting to put forward corresponding suggestions for improving the materiality system of information disclosure in China. The article includes four parts, as follows:The first part is an overview of materiality standards. Starting from determining the extension of the concept of the significance of the information disclosure system, this thesis expounds the specific connotation of the significance standard, and discusses that on the basis of this concept, a binary standard to define “significance” is gradually formed, which is led by the United States and led by the European Union; This thesis investigates the legislative evolution of the materiality standard in China, and points out that under the securities issuance registration system, the regulatory authority has changed from “gatekeeper supervision” to “supplementary formal supervision”. It is necessary to explore the universally applicable criteria for judging that the information meets the requirements of “materiality” in the legislative style.The second part is the practical inspection of the materiality standard of information disclosure. Through the comparative analysis of the defense reasons put forward by the parties and the respective judgment logic of law enforcement and judicial organs, this thesis reveals the difficulties and challenges in determining whether the information involved in the case is significant in China. Firstly, because “materiality” has the characteristics of abstract concept and uncertain extension, the law can not provide all situations and quantitative standards, and the parties have three kinds of defense reasons, such as illegal classification; Secondly, as for the judgment idea of judging the significance, the judgment logic at the law enforcement level takes the absolute amount or relative proportion of the amount involved in the case as the main judgment standard, supplemented by the standard of rational investors; The difference is that the judgment logic at the judicial level introduces qualitative and quantitative methods respectively according to the criteria of rational investors and price sensitivity.The third part analyzes the legislative and practical difficulties of materiality standards. Starting from China's language environment, this thesis combs the general provisions and enumeration provisions of “significance” in China's current legislation, and analyzes the problems such as inconsistent definition standards and lack of scientificity of enumerated matters in the legislative style. Based on the empirical results, this thesis analyzes the problems existing in law enforcement and judicial practice: firstly, when determining the significance, the law enforcement organs have the problems of broad reference to laws and fuzzy judgment. Secondly, the law enforcement agencies and judicial agencies are inconsistent in the application of rational investors and price sensitive standards. Thirdly, the use of qualitative and quantitative methods for comprehensive analysis has not formed a unified and scientific judgment idea, the quantitative method is lack of quantitative indicators for reference, the qualitative method is not clear and rational, and there is great uncertainty.The fourth part puts forward the way to improve the recognition standard of materiality. Through empirical analysis, we can find that the dilemma of the determination of materiality standards in China stems from the lack of logic in legislation and the lack of unified ideas in practice, which should be carried out together. In other words, at the legislative level, we should clarify the unified standard of rational investors and establish the priority of legal disclosure list. At the judicial level, the binary judgment rules of quantitative analysis first and qualitative analysis should be applied to build the rules of the judicial adjudication system, supplemented by the guidance of major disclosure in different industries, and improve the judgment standards of major events through securities model judgments, in order to provide superficial help for the legislative improvement of “major” disclosure standards and judicial recognition rules in China.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2022-03-15
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2022-05-19
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