论专门人民法院的设立逻辑与规范路径

On the Establishment Logic and Normative Path of Special People's Court

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归属院系:

法学院

作者:

滕小燕

导师:

谷佳杰

导师单位:

法学院

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

专门法院;专业化审判;审判范式与审理机制;设立标准;设置模式

摘要:

专门人民法院的设立成为我国法治建设进程的亮点之一,但一些专门人民法院的设立存在设立标准模糊、设立程序有误、设置模式混乱的问题。近年来,我国司法体制改革进程如火如荼,构建科学合理的司法体制除了要顺应经济发展态势作出适时调整之外,应当更加注重为法治建设进程中的司法实践打下坚实的理论基础。因此专门人民法院的设立应首先明确其设立的理论基础,不宜仅将专业化作为设立标准,而应从其法理逻辑出发明确问题导向。在此基础上,本文将总结域外专门法院设立的立法和实践经验,结合我国专门人民法院设立的实践经验,得出我国当下及未来专门人民法院的设立逻辑与规范路径。本文除引言外,正文分为四个部分。内容如下:第一部分主要梳理了我国专门人民法院设立的历史脉络。我国专门人民法院的设立阶段性特征尤为明显,以中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会为分水岭可将专门人民法院设立分为1951年到2012年与2012年至今两个发展阶段。党的十八大之前,我国专门人民法院设立主要是学习苏联模式,以保障国家财产安全与打击违法犯罪活动为主,而党的十八大之后我国专门人民法院的设立更倾向于加快审判的专业化进程。第二部分主要从专门人民法院设立的历史演变出发,说明当下专门人民法院设立的现状特点以及其存在的相应弊端。其一,设立标准模糊。仅以专业化为标准不能左右专门人民法院的设立,必须将专门人民法院与专门人民法庭和专业化审判团队严格区分;其二,设立程序错误。专门人民法院的设立程序必须合乎宪法、法律的规定,专门人民法院的概括创设权与具体创设权分别归属于宪法和法律或全国人大常委会。其三,设置模式混乱。专门人民法院的设置模式应予以调整,审级设置上要符合专门法院的应有之义,审判组织构成应纳入相应领域的专家、学者等。第三部分主要从上述两个部分中总结得出结论,专门人民法院的设立逻辑主要来源于两个方面,一是内在的特殊审判范式与审判机制,并以家事法院这一特殊诉讼构造为例对“特殊审判范式与审判机制”予以说明;二是包含国家治理目标与政策、地方治理目标、司法资源供给在内的社会驱动力因素。对专门人民法院的法理逻辑的分析应避免陷入西方国家司法制度的窠臼,应注意我国专门人民法院的设立不受诸如美国国情下利益集团势力较量的影响,德国所坚持的“依审判领域划分的专业化是司法架构之基础”更符合我国司法体制改革的特点与趋势。第四部分主要提出我国专门人民法院设立的规范路径。首先,明确专门人民法院的设立标准。确保将特殊的审判范式与审理机制置于首位,而非以专业性作为设立专门法院的标准。专门法院因祛除以专业化为导向的弊病则可理顺专门法院与专门法庭的区别。同时,明确专门法院的创设权归属并排除刑事司法权的行使;其次,总结前文得出的设立程序的具体实施步骤,结合域内域外实践经验构建不同专门人民法院的审级设置以及审判组织构成。将专门人民法院的最高审保留于最高人民法院并设立独立的上诉法院,审判组织构成宜包含法律人员、专业人员、专家以及学者等。

提交日期

2023-06-15

引用参考

滕小燕. 论专门人民法院的设立逻辑与规范路径[D]. 西南政法大学,2023.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 论专门人民法院的设立逻辑与规范路径
  • dc.title
  • On the Establishment Logic and Normative Path of Special People's Court
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20200301060503
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 滕小燕
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2023
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 民事诉讼法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 谷佳杰
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 法学院
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 专门法院,专业化审判,审判范式与审理机制,设立标准,设置模式
  • dc.subject
  • Special courts; Professional trial; Trial paradigm and trial mechanism; Set standards; Setting mode
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 专门人民法院的设立成为我国法治建设进程的亮点之一,但一些专门人民法院的设立存在设立标准模糊、设立程序有误、设置模式混乱的问题。近年来,我国司法体制改革进程如火如荼,构建科学合理的司法体制除了要顺应经济发展态势作出适时调整之外,应当更加注重为法治建设进程中的司法实践打下坚实的理论基础。因此专门人民法院的设立应首先明确其设立的理论基础,不宜仅将专业化作为设立标准,而应从其法理逻辑出发明确问题导向。在此基础上,本文将总结域外专门法院设立的立法和实践经验,结合我国专门人民法院设立的实践经验,得出我国当下及未来专门人民法院的设立逻辑与规范路径。本文除引言外,正文分为四个部分。内容如下:第一部分主要梳理了我国专门人民法院设立的历史脉络。我国专门人民法院的设立阶段性特征尤为明显,以中国共产党第十八次全国代表大会为分水岭可将专门人民法院设立分为1951年到2012年与2012年至今两个发展阶段。党的十八大之前,我国专门人民法院设立主要是学习苏联模式,以保障国家财产安全与打击违法犯罪活动为主,而党的十八大之后我国专门人民法院的设立更倾向于加快审判的专业化进程。第二部分主要从专门人民法院设立的历史演变出发,说明当下专门人民法院设立的现状特点以及其存在的相应弊端。其一,设立标准模糊。仅以专业化为标准不能左右专门人民法院的设立,必须将专门人民法院与专门人民法庭和专业化审判团队严格区分;其二,设立程序错误。专门人民法院的设立程序必须合乎宪法、法律的规定,专门人民法院的概括创设权与具体创设权分别归属于宪法和法律或全国人大常委会。其三,设置模式混乱。专门人民法院的设置模式应予以调整,审级设置上要符合专门法院的应有之义,审判组织构成应纳入相应领域的专家、学者等。第三部分主要从上述两个部分中总结得出结论,专门人民法院的设立逻辑主要来源于两个方面,一是内在的特殊审判范式与审判机制,并以家事法院这一特殊诉讼构造为例对“特殊审判范式与审判机制”予以说明;二是包含国家治理目标与政策、地方治理目标、司法资源供给在内的社会驱动力因素。对专门人民法院的法理逻辑的分析应避免陷入西方国家司法制度的窠臼,应注意我国专门人民法院的设立不受诸如美国国情下利益集团势力较量的影响,德国所坚持的“依审判领域划分的专业化是司法架构之基础”更符合我国司法体制改革的特点与趋势。第四部分主要提出我国专门人民法院设立的规范路径。首先,明确专门人民法院的设立标准。确保将特殊的审判范式与审理机制置于首位,而非以专业性作为设立专门法院的标准。专门法院因祛除以专业化为导向的弊病则可理顺专门法院与专门法庭的区别。同时,明确专门法院的创设权归属并排除刑事司法权的行使;其次,总结前文得出的设立程序的具体实施步骤,结合域内域外实践经验构建不同专门人民法院的审级设置以及审判组织构成。将专门人民法院的最高审保留于最高人民法院并设立独立的上诉法院,审判组织构成宜包含法律人员、专业人员、专家以及学者等。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The establishment of special people's courts has become one of the highlights in the process of legal construction, but there are some problems in the establishment of special people's courts, such as fuzzy setting standards, faulty setting procedures and confused setting mode. In recent years, the judicial system reform process is in full swing. In addition to making timely adjustments in accordance with the economic development situation, more attention should be paid to laying a solid theoretical foundation for the judicial practice in the process of the construction of the rule of law. Therefore, the establishment of special people's courts should first clarify the theoretical basis of their establishment, and should not only take specialization as the establishment standard, but from the legal logic of its clear orientation. On the basis of this, this paper will summarize the legislative and practical experience of special courts established overseas, combine with the practical experience of special people's courts established in our country, and conclude the logical and normative path of the establishment of special people's courts in the present and future.In addition to the introduction, the text is divided into four parts. The contents are as follows:Part one mainly combs the historical context of the establishment of the special people's courts. The stage of the establishment of the special people's courts is particularly obvious, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as the watershed can be divided into the establishment of the special people's courts from 1951 to 2012 and 2012 to the present two development stages. Before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the establishment of special people's courts was mainly based on the Soviet model to ensure the security of state property and crack down on illegal and criminal activities, but after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the establishment of special people's courts is more inclined to speed up the process of trial specialization.Part two mainly starts from the historical evolution of the establishment of special people's courts, and explains the current characteristics of the establishment of special people's courts and the corresponding drawbacks. First, specialization alone cannot influence the establishment of special people's courts. Special people's courts must be strictly distinguished from special people's courts and specialized trial teams. Second, the procedure for the establishment of special people's courts must conform to the provisions of the Constitution and laws, and the general and specific establishment powers of special people's courts belong to the Constitution and laws or the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress respectively. Thirdly, the setting mode of special people's courts should be adjusted, the setting of trial levels should conform to the proper meaning of special courts, and the composition of judicial organizations should include experts and scholars in the corresponding fields.Part three mainly summarizes the conclusion from the above two parts, the establishment of the special people's court logic mainly comes from two aspects, one is the internal special trial paradigm and trial mechanism, and the family court is a special litigation structure as an example to explain the "special trial paradigm and trial mechanism"; Second, social driving factors including national governance objectives and policies, local governance objectives, judicial resources supply. The analysis of the legal logic of the special people's courts should avoid falling into the pattern of the judicial system of western countries, and should pay attention to the fact that the establishment of the special people's courts in China is not affected by the power contest of interest groups under the national conditions of the United States. The German insistence that "specialization according to the field of trial is the basis of the judicial structure" is more consistent with the characteristics and trend of the reform of the judicial system in China.Part four proposes the normative path of our special people's courts. First, the criteria for the establishment of special people's courts should be clarified. To ensure that special judicial paradigms and hearing mechanisms are given priority rather than professionalism as the criterion for establishing specialized courts. The special court can straighten out the difference between the special court and the special court by eliminating the disadvantage of professionalization. At the same time, it makes clear the ownership of the creation right of special courts and excludes the exercise of criminal judicial power. Secondly, it summarizes the specific implementation steps of the establishment procedure obtained above, and constructs the trial level setting and trial organization composition of different special people's courts by combining the practical experience within and outside the domain. The supreme instance of special people's courts should be reserved in the Supreme People's Court and an independent appellate court should be established. The judicial organization should include legal personnel, professionals, experts and scholars.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2023-03-16
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2023-05-27
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