承认抑或精神——黑格尔财产权概念探析

Recognition or Spirit ——An Exploration of the Hegelian Concept of Property

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作者:

金校

导师:

朱学平

导师单位:

行政法学院(纪检监察学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

相互承认;自由精神;财产权;法哲学;黑格尔

摘要:

财产(权)是自由意志的首个定在,对于正确理解黑格尔法哲学至关重要。但主流解释却将财产的概念建立在主体之间的相互承认的基础之上,这显然违背了黑格尔的本意。本文试图驳斥主流解释,并认为自由精神构成财产权概念的基础。本文第一部分主要是重构了主流解释的论证过程。其论证过程为:财产是人格的定在,相互承认是人格性的基础,是人格规范性命令的依据,因此相互承认是财产的基础。其中的关键在于承认的辩证法揭示了自我意识的相互性,自由的自我意识要求相互承认,人格具有自我意识,所以人格也要求相互承认,因此人格的规范性命令来自于自我意识的相互承认。第二部分主要是站在精神哲学的视角下分点对上述观点进行反驳。第一,对自由意志和自我意识进行区分:自我意识并不直接等同于自由意志,自由意志是理论精神和实践精神的统一,自我意识并不足以表达人格的概念,无法得出“相互承认是人格性的基础”这一命题;第二,对现象学中的承认与抽象法中的承认进行区分:借助黑格尔在写作《精神哲学》时所采用的“预见性的写作方式”,明确承认的多种含义,并指出现象学中的承认并不能直接的作为自由的基础,因为它是一个较低的阶段,只是较高阶段的一个环节,更不能作为自由的最初定在(财产)的基础;第三,通过对人格概念的分析明确在抽象法的财产这一环节中人格并不具有人格间性,相互承认并不能构成人格规范性的依据。第三部分主要是提出财产是作为理念的精神的自我显现这一观点,从精神的角度阐述财产的概念。法哲学(或是客观精神)是精神哲学的一部分,对于财产概念的理解不能局限于法哲学,而是应将财产理解为精神在客观精神领域内的一个运动环节。只有这样,才能理解《法哲学原理》第45节中对于财产的规定——“我作为自由意志在占有中成为我自己的对象,从而我初次成为现实的意志,这一方面构成占有的真实而合法的因素,即构成财产的规定”。第四部分主要是对提出的观点进行论证,自由精神何以能够作为财产概念的基础。首先,在法哲学中伦理作为精神的最高存在方式,从精神的视角构建财产的概念可以等同于从伦理的视角构建财产的概念,因此上述问题就可以转化为我们应该如何理解黑格尔要从伦理的视角把握财产;其次,在财产问题上存在着抽象法与道德的矛盾:从抽象法的观点来看,财产的概念本身无法对财产的数量进行规定,从道德的观点来看,每个人都应该拥有满足其福利所必需的特定数量的财产;最后,二者的矛盾无法在主观的层面得到解决,它们只有作为伦理的环节,并借助伦理的力量才能化解彼此之间的矛盾。

参考文献:

一、中文参考文献(一)著作类1.[德] 黑格尔:《法哲学原理》,范扬、张企泰译,北京:商务印书馆,1961年版。2.[德] 黑格尔:《法哲学原理》,邓安庆译,北京:人民出版社,2017年版。3.[德] 黑格尔:《精神哲学》,杨祖陶译,北京:人民出版社,2015年版。4.[德] 黑格尔:《历史哲学讲演录》,王志宏译,北京:人民出版社,2024年版。5.[德] 黑格尔:《历史哲学》,王造时译,上海:上海书店出版社,2006年版。6.[德] 黑格尔:《精神现象学》,邓晓芒译,北京:人民出版社,2017年版。7.[德] 黑格尔:《哲学史演讲录(第一卷)》,贺麟、王太庆译,北京:商务印书馆,1959年版。8.[德] 黑格尔:《哲学史演讲录(第二卷)》,贺麟、王太庆译,北京:商务印书馆,1969年版。9.[德] 黑格尔:《论自然法》,朱学平译,北京:商务印书馆,2021年版。10.[德] 甘斯:《自然法与普遍法历史——黑格尔法哲学讲座》,黄钰洲译,北京:商务印书馆,2023年版。11.[法] 卢梭:《论人类不平等的起源和基础》,李常山译,北京:商务印书馆,1997年版。12.[德] 康德:《道德的形上学》,李明辉译,台湾:联经出版事业公司,2015年版。13.[德] 费希特:《自然法权基础》,谢地坤、程志民译,北京:商务印书馆,2004年版。14.[荷兰] 胡果·格劳秀斯:《战争与和平法》,何勤华译,上海:上海人民出版社,2013年版。15.[英] 霍布斯:《利维坦》,黎思复、黎廷弼译,北京:商务印书馆,1985年版。16.[德] 塞缪尔·冯·普芬道夫:《人和公民的自然法义务》,鞠成伟译,北京:商务印书馆,2011年版。17.[英] 洛克:《政府论》,瞿菊农、叶启芳译,北京:商务印书馆,2022年版。18.[英] 休谟:《人性论》,关文运译,北京:商务印书馆,2016年版。19.[古希腊] 柏拉图:《理想国》,王扬译注,北京:华夏出版社,2012版。20.[古希腊] 亚里士多德:《尼各马可伦理学》,廖申白注译,北京:商务印书馆,2003年版。21.[古希腊]亚里士多德:《政治学》,吴寿彭译,北京:商务印书馆,1996年版。22.[美] 伍德:《黑格尔的伦理思想》,黄涛译,北京:知识产权出版社,2016年版。23.[以色列] 阿维纳瑞:《黑格尔的现代国家理论》,朱学平、王兴赛译,北京:知识产权出版社,2018年版。24.[德] 曼弗雷德·里德尔:《在传统与革命之间》,朱学平译,北京:商务印书馆,2020年版。25.[法] 科维刚:《现实与理性——黑格尔与客观精神》,张大卫译,北京:华夏出版社,2018年版。26.[意] 洛苏尔多:《黑格尔与现代人的自由》,丁三东译,长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司,2008年版。27.[德] 霍耐特:《为承认而斗争》,胡继华译,上海:上海人民出版社,2005年版。28.[德] 霍耐特:《不确定性之痛——黑格尔法哲学的再现实化》,王晓升译,上海:华东师范大学出版社,2016年版。29.邓晓芒:《思辨的张力》,北京:商务印书馆,2016年版。30.朱学平:《古典与现代的冲突与融合——青年黑格尔思想的形成与演进》,⻓沙:湖南教育出版社,2010年版。31.韩立新编:《黑格尔法哲学研究》,北京:北京师范⼤学出版社,2020年版。(二)论文类32.陈浩:“私有财产权是自由的必要条件吗?——对《法哲学原理》“抽象法”章的再考察”,《现代哲学》,2013年第5期。33.陈浩:“无私有财产,无相互承认——试论黑格尔《精神现象学》的理论困境”,《世界哲学》,2014年第3期。34.陈浩:“自然与契约的彼岸——黑格尔“抽象法”中的人格财产权概念”,《哲学动态》,2018年第4期。35.王兴赛:“私有财产的现代命运——黑格尔早期财产思想研究(1793-1800)”,《现代哲学》,2017年第5期。36.王兴赛:“自然法与伦理共同体——黑格尔《论自然法》解读 ”,西南政法大学硕士论文,2013年。37.朱学平:“私有财产的非社会性——马克思对私有财产的首次批判”,《法治现代化研究》,2018年第2期。二、外文参考文献(一)著作类38.G.W. F. Hegel, Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts oder Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Werke 7, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1986.39.G.W. F. Hegel, Gesammelte Werke, Band.26, Vorlesungen über die Philosophie des Rechts, Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2013.40.G.W. F. Hegel, Phanomenologie des Geistes, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Werke 3, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1986.41.G.W. F. Hegel, Gesammelte Werke, Band.27/1, Vorlesung über die Philosophie der Geschichte, Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2015.42.G.W. F. Hegel,Phanomenologie des Geistes, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Werke 3, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1986.43.G.W. F. Hegel, Gesammelte Werke, Band.27/1, Vorlesung über die Philosophie der Geschichte, Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2015.44.G. F. W. Hegel, Syetem of Ethical Life (1802/3) and First Philosophy of Spirit, ed. and tr. by H. S. Harris and T. M. Knox, New York: State University of New York University, 1979.45.G. F. W. Hegel, Hegel and the Human Spirit. A translation of the Jena Lectures on the Philosophy of Spirit (1805/6) with Commentary, by Leo Rauch, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1983.46.G. W. F. Hegel, Elements of the Philosophy of Right, translated by H. B. Nisbet, ed. by Allen W. Wood, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.47.G. W. F. Hegel, Outline of the Philosophy of Right, translated by T. M. Knox, ed. by Stephen Houlgate, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.48.Adriaan T. Peperzak, Modern Freedom: Hegel' s Legal, Moral, and Political Philosophy, Berlin: Springer Science&Business Media Dordrecht, 2001.49.Alan Patten, Hegel’s Idea of Freedom, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.50.David James, ed, Hegel’s Elements of the Philosophy of Right: A Critical Guide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.51.Drucilla Cornell, Michel Rosenfeld & David Carlson, eds, Hegel And Legal Theory, New York: Routledge, 1991.52.Frederick C. Beiser, ed, The Cambridge Companion to Hegel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.53.Jacob Blumenfeld, The Concept of Property in Kant, Fichte, and Hegel: Freedom, Right, and Recognition, New York: Routledge, 2024.54.Jeremy Waldron, The Right to Private Property, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.55.Joachim Ritter, Hegel and the French Revolution, translated by Richard Dien Winfield, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1984.56.Klaus Vieweg, Das Denken der Freiheit, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2012.57.Michael Inwood, A Commentary on Hegel’s Philosophy of Mind, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.58.Mohseni, Abstrakte Freiheit: Zum Begriff des Eigentums bei Hegel, Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2015.59.Reiner Schürmann, ed, The Public Realm: Essays on Discursive Types in Political Philosophy, New York: State University of New York Press, 1989.60.Robert B. Pippin & Otfried Hoeffe, eds, Hegel on Ethics and Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.61.Robert R. Williams, Hegel’s Ethics of Recognition, California: University of California Press, 1997.62.Z.A. Pelczynski, ed, Hegel's Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.63.Z.A. Pelczynski, ed, The State and Civil Society, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.(二)论文类64.Andrew Chitty, “Recognition and Property in Hegel and the Early Marx” , Ethic Theory Moral Practice, Vol.16, No.4, February 2013.65.Bavaresco A, Iber C,“Hegel Person, property and Contract: Legal Conceptual Structure of the Modern Will”, Prisma Juridico, Vol.19, No.2, Dec. 2020.66.Illting, “The structure of Hegel's Philosophy of Right”, in Z. A. Pelczynski, ed, Hegel's Political Philosophy : Problems and Perspectives, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971.67.Kenneth Westphal, “The Basic Context and Structure of Hegel's Philosophy of Right”, in Frederick C. Beiser, ed, The Cambridge Companion to Hegel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.68.Knowles Dudley, “Hegel on Property and Personality”, The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol.33, No.130, Jan.1983.69.Michael Quante, “ The Personality of the Will” as the Principle of Abstract Right, in Robert B. Pippin & Otfried Hoeffe, ed, Hegel on Ethics and Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.70.Peter Benson, “The Priority of Abstract Right, Constructivism, and the Possibility of Collective Rights in Hegel’ s Legal Philosophy”, Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence, Vol.4, No.2, July 1911.71.P. Stillman, “Hegel's Critique of Liberal Theories of Rights”, The American Political Science Review, Vol.68, No.3, September 1974.72.P. Stillman, “Property, Freedom, and Individuality in Hegel’s and Marx’s Political Thought”, NOMOS: Am. Soc'y Pol. Legal Phil, Vol.22, 1980.73.P.Stillman, “Hegel's Civil Society: A Locus of Freedom”, Polity, Vol.12, No.4, Summer 1980.74.P.Stillman, “Property, Contract, and Ethical Life in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”, in Drucilla Cornell, Michel Rosenfeld & David Carlson, ed, Hegel And Legal Theory, New York: Routledge, 1991.75.Richard Teichgraeber, “Hegel on Property and Poverty”, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol.38, No.1, Mar. 1977.76.Renato Cristi, “Hegel on Possession and Property”, Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory/Revue, vol.2, No.3, Fall/Automme, 1978.77.Renato Cristi, “Hegel on Property and Recognition”, Laval théologique et philosophi, vol.51, No.2, July 1995.78.Schmidt am Busch, “Personal Respect, Private Property, And Market Economy: What Critical Theory Can Learn From Hegel? ”,Ethic Theory Moral Practice, Vol.11, No.5, July 2008.79.Schmidt am Busch, “Personal Freedom without Private Property? Hegel, Marx, and the Frankfurt School”, International Critical Thought, Vol.5, No.4, Dec. 2015.80.Seyla Benhabib, “Obligation, Contract and Exchange: on the Significance of Hegel’s Abstract Right”, in Z. A. Pelczynski, ed, The State and The Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.81.Stephen Houlgate, “The Unity of Theoretical and Practical Spirit in Hegel’s Concept of Freedom”, The Review of Metaphysics, Vol. 48, No. 4, Jun. 1995.82.Stephen Houlgate, “Property, Use and Value in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”, in David James, ed, Hegel’s Elements of the Philosophy of Right: A Critical Guide, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.83.Walton A. S., “Economy, Utility and Community in Hegel's Theory of Civil Society”, in Z. A. Pelczynski, ed, The State and The Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s Political Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

学科:

法学理论

提交日期

2025-05-25

引用参考

金校. 承认抑或精神——黑格尔财产权概念探析[D]. 西南政法大学,2025.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 承认抑或精神——黑格尔财产权概念探析
  • dc.title
  • Recognition or Spirit ——An Exploration of the Hegelian Concept of Property
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20220301010374
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 金校
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2025
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 西方法理学
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 朱学平
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 行政法学院(纪检监察学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 相互承认,自由精神,财产权,法哲学,黑格尔
  • dc.subject
  • Mutual Recognition; Free Spirit; Property; Philosophy of Right; Hegel
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 财产(权)是自由意志的首个定在,对于正确理解黑格尔法哲学至关重要。但主流解释却将财产的概念建立在主体之间的相互承认的基础之上,这显然违背了黑格尔的本意。本文试图驳斥主流解释,并认为自由精神构成财产权概念的基础。本文第一部分主要是重构了主流解释的论证过程。其论证过程为:财产是人格的定在,相互承认是人格性的基础,是人格规范性命令的依据,因此相互承认是财产的基础。其中的关键在于承认的辩证法揭示了自我意识的相互性,自由的自我意识要求相互承认,人格具有自我意识,所以人格也要求相互承认,因此人格的规范性命令来自于自我意识的相互承认。第二部分主要是站在精神哲学的视角下分点对上述观点进行反驳。第一,对自由意志和自我意识进行区分:自我意识并不直接等同于自由意志,自由意志是理论精神和实践精神的统一,自我意识并不足以表达人格的概念,无法得出“相互承认是人格性的基础”这一命题;第二,对现象学中的承认与抽象法中的承认进行区分:借助黑格尔在写作《精神哲学》时所采用的“预见性的写作方式”,明确承认的多种含义,并指出现象学中的承认并不能直接的作为自由的基础,因为它是一个较低的阶段,只是较高阶段的一个环节,更不能作为自由的最初定在(财产)的基础;第三,通过对人格概念的分析明确在抽象法的财产这一环节中人格并不具有人格间性,相互承认并不能构成人格规范性的依据。第三部分主要是提出财产是作为理念的精神的自我显现这一观点,从精神的角度阐述财产的概念。法哲学(或是客观精神)是精神哲学的一部分,对于财产概念的理解不能局限于法哲学,而是应将财产理解为精神在客观精神领域内的一个运动环节。只有这样,才能理解《法哲学原理》第45节中对于财产的规定——“我作为自由意志在占有中成为我自己的对象,从而我初次成为现实的意志,这一方面构成占有的真实而合法的因素,即构成财产的规定”。第四部分主要是对提出的观点进行论证,自由精神何以能够作为财产概念的基础。首先,在法哲学中伦理作为精神的最高存在方式,从精神的视角构建财产的概念可以等同于从伦理的视角构建财产的概念,因此上述问题就可以转化为我们应该如何理解黑格尔要从伦理的视角把握财产;其次,在财产问题上存在着抽象法与道德的矛盾:从抽象法的观点来看,财产的概念本身无法对财产的数量进行规定,从道德的观点来看,每个人都应该拥有满足其福利所必需的特定数量的财产;最后,二者的矛盾无法在主观的层面得到解决,它们只有作为伦理的环节,并借助伦理的力量才能化解彼此之间的矛盾。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • Property is the first existence (Dasein) of free will and is essential for a proper understanding of Hegel's philosophy of right. The mainstream interpretation, however, bases the concept of property on mutual recognition between subjects, which is clearly contrary to Hegel's intention. This paper attempts to refute the mainstream interpretation and argues that the spirit of freedom forms the basis of the concept of property.The first part of the paper focuses on reconstructing the argumentative process of the mainstream interpretation. The process of argumentation is as follows: property is the existence of person, mutual recognition is the basis of personality, the basis of normative claim of personality, therefore mutual recognition is the basis of property. The key lies in the fact that the dialectic of recognition reveals the mutuality of self-consciousness, that free self-consciousness requires mutual recognition, and that person has self-consciousness, so person also requires mutual recognition, and therefore the normative claim of personality comes from the mutual recognition of self-consciousness.The second part mainly stands for the refutation of the above views in points from the perspective of philosophy of spirit. Firstly, a distinction is made between free will and self-consciousness: self-consciousness is not directly equivalent to free will, which is the unity of theoretical and practical spirit, and self-consciousness is not sufficient to express the concept of personality, so that it is not possible to come up with the proposition that “mutual recognition is the foundation of personality”; secondly, a distinction is made between recognition in phenomenology and recognition in abstract right: Hegel's “anticipatory writing” in the philosophy of spirit clarifies the various meanings of recognition, and points out that phenomenological recognition cannot directly serve as the basis of freedom, since it is a lower stage, only a part of a higher stage, and even less as the initial (property) basis of freedom; thirdly, by analyzing the concept of person to make clear that in the abstract right of property this aspect of person is not inter-personal, and that mutual recognition does not constitute a basis for the normativity of personality.The third part focuses on the concept of property from a spiritual point of view by presenting the idea that property is the self-manifestation of spirit. The philosophy of right (or objective spirit) is a part of the philosophy of spirit, and the understanding of the concept of property cannot be limited to the philosophy of right, but rather property should be understood as a moment of the spirit within the realm of objective spirit. Only in this way can the determination of property (PR§45) be understood - “but the circumstance that I, as free will, am an object (gegenständlich) to myself in what I possess and only become an actual will by this means constitutes the genuine and rightful element in possession, the determination of property.”The forth part focuses on the argumentation of the points raised as to how the free spirit can serve as a basis for the concept of property. Firstly, in the philosophy of right ethical life as the highest way of being of the spirit, constructing the concept of property from the viewpoint of the spirit can be equated with constructing the concept of property from the viewpoint of ethical life, so the above question can be transformed into how we should understand Hegel understands the property from the viewpoint of ethical life; secondly, there is a contradiction between the abstract right and the morality in the issue of property: from the viewpoint of the abstract right, the concept of property itself is unable to determine the quantity of property, and from the moral point of view, everyone should have a specific amount of property necessary to satisfy his or her well-being; finally, the contradiction between the two cannot be resolved at the subjective level, and they can only be resolved against each other as a moment to ethical life and by the means of ethical life.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-05-25
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2025-05-10
  • dc.relation.citedreferences
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