校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的影响及其机制研究

The Impact of School bullying on the Development of Students' Cognitive Abilities and Its Mechanisms

传播影响力
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作者:

何丹

导师:

李云森

导师单位:

经济学院(数字经济学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

校园欺凌;认知能力;人力资本投资;挤出效应

摘要:

校园欺凌现象是一种普遍存在于学校环境中的负面行为,作为全球性教育难题,引发各界广泛关注。众多研究已证实,遭遇欺凌会使得学生在学业成绩、身心健康、能力发展等多个领域均遭受不利冲击。同时,认知能力作为衡量个体人力资本存量的核心维度之一,其发展水平不仅直接影响个人的学习效率和问题解决能力,更在深层次上决定着个体在劳动力市场中的竞争力和职业发展潜力,因此广受经济学界关注。鉴于此,本文重点关注校园欺凌与认知能力发展之间的关系,并从人力资本投资视角研究校园欺凌的影响机制,其中包括家庭、学校及同伴三个关键领域。本文使用具有全国代表性数据库——“中国儿童青少年心理发育特征数据库”,深入研究校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的影响及其机制,其中学生认知能力通过语言纬度(以语文成绩作为测量指标)及数学逻辑纬度(以数学成绩作为测量指标)进行衡量。本文的主要发现包括以下几点:(1)在本文样本中,我国中小学生遭遇校园欺凌事件比例为33.27%,其中言语欺凌最为普遍,发生率达17.68%;不同背景学生遭遇欺凌可能性具有异质性,家庭经济社会地位较低学生遭遇欺凌的可能性相对更高,尤其是缺乏父母陪伴的学生群体,如寄宿生、留守儿童和父母离异学生。(2)本文运用普通最小二乘回归方法,发现遭遇校园欺凌与学生低认知能力水平显著相关。进一步分析发现,欺凌行为与学生语言能力、数学逻辑能力均呈现显著负相关性。(3)异质性分析结果表明,家庭经济社会地位较高的学生受欺凌的影响反而更大,如城镇户口学生、非寄宿生生、非留守儿童和来自氛围、收入良好家庭的相对优势背景学生。(4)经过一系列的稳健性检验,包括欺凌选择检验、遗漏变量检验、安慰剂检验、KV估计检验及欺凌者-被欺凌者问题检验,本文证实了校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的稳健负面影响,并进一步揭示了二者之间的因果关系。(5)影响机制估计结果表明,校园欺凌可能通过挤出学生的家庭、学校和同伴的人力资本投资使得其认知能力发展遭受不利影响,稳健性检验证实了该影响机制结果的稳健性。本文进一步采用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,分析了不同因素对遭受与未遭受校园欺凌学生认知能力差异的贡献。结果表明,家庭、学校和同伴的人力资本投资在解释两组学生间认知能力及具体语言、数学逻辑维度上的显著差异中起到关键作用,尤其是同学支持方面。

学科:

应用经济学

提交日期

2025-07-02

引用参考

何丹. 校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的影响及其机制研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2025.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的影响及其机制研究
  • dc.title
  • The Impact of School bullying on the Development of Students' Cognitive Abilities and Its Mechanisms
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20220202000037
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 何丹
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 经济学院(数字经济学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 经济学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2025
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 劳动经济学
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 李云森
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 经济学院(数字经济学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 校园欺凌,认知能力,人力资本投资,挤出效应
  • dc.subject
  • school bullying; cognitive ability; human capital investment; crowding out effect
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 校园欺凌现象是一种普遍存在于学校环境中的负面行为,作为全球性教育难题,引发各界广泛关注。众多研究已证实,遭遇欺凌会使得学生在学业成绩、身心健康、能力发展等多个领域均遭受不利冲击。同时,认知能力作为衡量个体人力资本存量的核心维度之一,其发展水平不仅直接影响个人的学习效率和问题解决能力,更在深层次上决定着个体在劳动力市场中的竞争力和职业发展潜力,因此广受经济学界关注。鉴于此,本文重点关注校园欺凌与认知能力发展之间的关系,并从人力资本投资视角研究校园欺凌的影响机制,其中包括家庭、学校及同伴三个关键领域。本文使用具有全国代表性数据库——“中国儿童青少年心理发育特征数据库”,深入研究校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的影响及其机制,其中学生认知能力通过语言纬度(以语文成绩作为测量指标)及数学逻辑纬度(以数学成绩作为测量指标)进行衡量。本文的主要发现包括以下几点:(1)在本文样本中,我国中小学生遭遇校园欺凌事件比例为33.27%,其中言语欺凌最为普遍,发生率达17.68%;不同背景学生遭遇欺凌可能性具有异质性,家庭经济社会地位较低学生遭遇欺凌的可能性相对更高,尤其是缺乏父母陪伴的学生群体,如寄宿生、留守儿童和父母离异学生。(2)本文运用普通最小二乘回归方法,发现遭遇校园欺凌与学生低认知能力水平显著相关。进一步分析发现,欺凌行为与学生语言能力、数学逻辑能力均呈现显著负相关性。(3)异质性分析结果表明,家庭经济社会地位较高的学生受欺凌的影响反而更大,如城镇户口学生、非寄宿生生、非留守儿童和来自氛围、收入良好家庭的相对优势背景学生。(4)经过一系列的稳健性检验,包括欺凌选择检验、遗漏变量检验、安慰剂检验、KV估计检验及欺凌者-被欺凌者问题检验,本文证实了校园欺凌对学生认知能力发展的稳健负面影响,并进一步揭示了二者之间的因果关系。(5)影响机制估计结果表明,校园欺凌可能通过挤出学生的家庭、学校和同伴的人力资本投资使得其认知能力发展遭受不利影响,稳健性检验证实了该影响机制结果的稳健性。本文进一步采用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,分析了不同因素对遭受与未遭受校园欺凌学生认知能力差异的贡献。结果表明,家庭、学校和同伴的人力资本投资在解释两组学生间认知能力及具体语言、数学逻辑维度上的显著差异中起到关键作用,尤其是同学支持方面。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • School bullying is a negative behavior that is widely present in school environments. As a global educational challenge, it has attracted widespread attention from all quarters. Numerous studies have confirmed that being bullied can have adverse impacts on students in multiple areas, including academic performance, physical and mental health, and ability development. Meanwhile, cognitive ability, as one of the core dimensions for measuring an individual's stock of human capital, not only directly affects a person's learning efficiency and problem-solving skills but also, at a deeper level, determines an individual's competitiveness in the labor market and potential for career development. Therefore, it has received extensive attention from the economics community. In light of this, this paper focuses on the relationship between school bullying and cognitive ability development and examines the impact mechanism of school bullying from the perspective of human capital investment, which includes three key areas: family, school, and peers. This paper uses a nationally representative database—the "Chinese Children and Adolescents' Psychological Development Features Database"—to conduct an in-depth study on the impact of school bullying on students' cognitive ability development and its mechanisms. Students' cognitive abilities are measured through the language dimension (using Chinese language scores as the measurement indicator) and the mathematical logic dimension (using mathematics scores as the measurement indicator). The main findings of this paper are as follows:(1) In the sample of this study, the proportion of primary and secondary school students in China who have experienced school bullying is 33.27%, among which verbal bullying is the most common, with an incidence rate of 17.68%. The likelihood of students from different backgrounds experiencing bullying varies. Students from families with lower socio-economic status are relatively more likely to be bullied, especially those who lack parental companionship, such as boarding students, left-behind children, and children from divorced families.(2) Using the ordinary least squares regression method, this paper finds that experiencing school bullying is significantly associated with a lower level of cognitive ability among students. Further analysis reveals that bullying behavior is significantly negatively correlated with both students' language ability and mathematical logic ability.(3) The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that students from families with higher socio-economic status are actually more affected by bullying, such as students with urban household registration, non-boarding students, non-left-behind children, and students from families with a good atmosphere and income.(4) After a series of robustness tests, including bullying selection tests, omitted variable tests, placebo tests, KV estimation tests, and bully-victim problem tests, this paper confirms the robust negative impact of school bullying on students' cognitive ability development and further reveals the causal relationship between the two.(5) The results of the mechanism estimation show that school bullying may adversely affect students' cognitive ability development by crowding out human capital investment from their family, school, and peers. The robustness tests confirm the robustness of this mechanism result. This paper further uses the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method to analyze the contributions of different factors to the cognitive ability differences between students who have and have not experienced school bullying. The results show that human capital investment from family, school, and peers plays a key role in explaining the significant differences in cognitive ability and the specific language and mathematical logic dimensions between the two groups of students, especially in terms of peer support.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-05-28
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2025-05-15
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