合作作品中共有著作权的行使规则研究

Research on the Exercise Rules of Copyright Co-Ownership in Collaborative Creations

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作者:

黄馨瑶

导师:

张惠彬

导师单位:

民商法学院(知识产权学院)

学位:

硕士

语种:

中文

关键词:

共有著作权;协商;著作权侵权;行使规则

摘要:

合作作品中共有著作权的行使规则,是指在合作作品的法律框架下,共有著作权人如何依法行使其权利的法律规范与实践原则。该规则旨在平衡各共有著作权人之间的权利义务关系,确保作品的合理使用与价值实现,同时防止权利滥用或利益受损。随着社会经济的发展,合作作品数量不断增多,新问题和新纠纷日益出现。然而,对于合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的司法实践现状不容乐观。我国2013年实施的《中华人民共和国著作权法实施条例》第九条以及2021年施行的《中华人民共和国著作权法》第十四条第二款,虽为合作作品中共有著作权人行使权利的方式提供了一定法律上的参考,但是规则仍有不明晰之处,以至于各地法院对合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的理解有所不同,进而在实践中对于其适用存在差异,造成性质相同的案件审理结果却不一致,司法适用较为混乱的局面。为了厘清对于该规则的应用方式,促进司法统一,提高司法公信力,本文从合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的基本理论出发,基于其理论原点,溯源其历史演变,探寻该规则的存在与发展历程;再系统分析我国对于运用该规则的现有司法困境,梳理域外对于该规则的适用情况,从而为该规则的完善较为针对性地提出应对之策。具体而言,本文除引言、结语、参考文献、后记外共四个部分:第一部分详细分析了合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的基本理论。该部分为文章问题的研究做好基础定性。首先探讨我国合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的理论原点,包括民法中的“共有制度”理念,并将其延伸至著作权法领域,强调对各方利益的平衡和保护,减少各共有著作权人间的争议和冲突。其次,梳理了自1991年《著作权法实施条例》第十一条以来到2020年《著作权法》第十四条关于合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的法律规定,从历史演变上研究其发展与变化,为下文分析多年来司法实践层面,合作作品中共有著作权行使规则遇到的困境奠定了理论基础。第二部分通过列举大量我国司法案例,剖析了我国合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的司法困境。首先,关于“协商”是否为必经程序存在较大的争议。在实务界,各地法院对于协商是否为必经程序有着不同理解,学术界亦存在“必经程序说”“非必经程序说”。学术界和实务界都各自存在不同的观点,导致法院判决不一,司法紊乱。其次,关于“正当理由”的界定任意性问题,法律规定和司法实践均未明晰“正当理由”涵义内容,这使得法院在具体案件中考量“正当理由”因素成为一大难题。此外,关于共有著作权人“起诉资格”的不明确性也引发了广泛讨论,因为缺乏明确的起诉主体资格和程序规定,维权的路径相对模糊,故而阻碍了法律的有效实施。第三部分总结了合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的域外经验,该部分提出并比较域外国家关于合作作品中共有著作权行使规则模式,为我国该规则的完善提供一定参考。本文首先归纳了世界范围内关于“协商”程序的主要的两种行使规则模式,即“协商必经模式”和“自由行使模式”;再分析了日本司法实践中对于“正当理由”的认定范围;最后比较了世界各国关于部分共有著作权人是否具有单独起诉资格的规定。通过整合各国经验,在合作作品中形成适合中国国情的共有著作权的行使规则。第四部分整合上述研究分析,针对现存司法困境有针对性地提出完善路径。建议“协商”程序在司法实践中的适用严格遵守法律规定,对于能够排除协商程序的“正当理由”应当予以灵活认定,不机械照搬法条;通过贯彻诚实信用原则以及司法解释,吸收借鉴他国的经验,丰富完善我国的认定标准,明晰“正当理由”的内涵,为法官行使自由裁量权提供一个相对的参考范围;确定其他共有著作权人的起诉主体资格,即规定在何种情况下共有著作权人可以单独提起诉讼,以及引入代表人制度等,以保护合作作品中各共有著作权人合法权益。以上措施有助于提高法律的适用性和可操作性,减少因法律模糊性导致的争议。

学科:

知识产权法学

提交日期

2025-07-02

引用参考

黄馨瑶. 合作作品中共有著作权的行使规则研究[D]. 西南政法大学,2025.

全文附件授权许可

知识共享许可协议-署名

  • dc.title
  • 合作作品中共有著作权的行使规则研究
  • dc.title
  • Research on the Exercise Rules of Copyright Co-Ownership in Collaborative Creations
  • dc.contributor.schoolno
  • 20220301Z21020
  • dc.contributor.author
  • 黄馨瑶
  • dc.contributor.affiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.contributor.degree
  • 硕士
  • dc.contributor.childdegree
  • 法学硕士学位
  • dc.contributor.degreeConferringInstitution
  • 西南政法大学
  • dc.identifier.year
  • 2025
  • dc.contributor.direction
  • 著作权法
  • dc.contributor.advisor
  • 张惠彬
  • dc.contributor.advisorAffiliation
  • 民商法学院(知识产权学院)
  • dc.language.iso
  • 中文
  • dc.subject
  • 共有著作权,协商,著作权侵权,行使规则
  • dc.subject
  • Copyright Co-ownership; Consultation; Copyright Infringement; Exercise Rules
  • dc.description.abstract
  • 合作作品中共有著作权的行使规则,是指在合作作品的法律框架下,共有著作权人如何依法行使其权利的法律规范与实践原则。该规则旨在平衡各共有著作权人之间的权利义务关系,确保作品的合理使用与价值实现,同时防止权利滥用或利益受损。随着社会经济的发展,合作作品数量不断增多,新问题和新纠纷日益出现。然而,对于合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的司法实践现状不容乐观。我国2013年实施的《中华人民共和国著作权法实施条例》第九条以及2021年施行的《中华人民共和国著作权法》第十四条第二款,虽为合作作品中共有著作权人行使权利的方式提供了一定法律上的参考,但是规则仍有不明晰之处,以至于各地法院对合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的理解有所不同,进而在实践中对于其适用存在差异,造成性质相同的案件审理结果却不一致,司法适用较为混乱的局面。为了厘清对于该规则的应用方式,促进司法统一,提高司法公信力,本文从合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的基本理论出发,基于其理论原点,溯源其历史演变,探寻该规则的存在与发展历程;再系统分析我国对于运用该规则的现有司法困境,梳理域外对于该规则的适用情况,从而为该规则的完善较为针对性地提出应对之策。具体而言,本文除引言、结语、参考文献、后记外共四个部分:第一部分详细分析了合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的基本理论。该部分为文章问题的研究做好基础定性。首先探讨我国合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的理论原点,包括民法中的“共有制度”理念,并将其延伸至著作权法领域,强调对各方利益的平衡和保护,减少各共有著作权人间的争议和冲突。其次,梳理了自1991年《著作权法实施条例》第十一条以来到2020年《著作权法》第十四条关于合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的法律规定,从历史演变上研究其发展与变化,为下文分析多年来司法实践层面,合作作品中共有著作权行使规则遇到的困境奠定了理论基础。第二部分通过列举大量我国司法案例,剖析了我国合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的司法困境。首先,关于“协商”是否为必经程序存在较大的争议。在实务界,各地法院对于协商是否为必经程序有着不同理解,学术界亦存在“必经程序说”“非必经程序说”。学术界和实务界都各自存在不同的观点,导致法院判决不一,司法紊乱。其次,关于“正当理由”的界定任意性问题,法律规定和司法实践均未明晰“正当理由”涵义内容,这使得法院在具体案件中考量“正当理由”因素成为一大难题。此外,关于共有著作权人“起诉资格”的不明确性也引发了广泛讨论,因为缺乏明确的起诉主体资格和程序规定,维权的路径相对模糊,故而阻碍了法律的有效实施。第三部分总结了合作作品中共有著作权行使规则的域外经验,该部分提出并比较域外国家关于合作作品中共有著作权行使规则模式,为我国该规则的完善提供一定参考。本文首先归纳了世界范围内关于“协商”程序的主要的两种行使规则模式,即“协商必经模式”和“自由行使模式”;再分析了日本司法实践中对于“正当理由”的认定范围;最后比较了世界各国关于部分共有著作权人是否具有单独起诉资格的规定。通过整合各国经验,在合作作品中形成适合中国国情的共有著作权的行使规则。第四部分整合上述研究分析,针对现存司法困境有针对性地提出完善路径。建议“协商”程序在司法实践中的适用严格遵守法律规定,对于能够排除协商程序的“正当理由”应当予以灵活认定,不机械照搬法条;通过贯彻诚实信用原则以及司法解释,吸收借鉴他国的经验,丰富完善我国的认定标准,明晰“正当理由”的内涵,为法官行使自由裁量权提供一个相对的参考范围;确定其他共有著作权人的起诉主体资格,即规定在何种情况下共有著作权人可以单独提起诉讼,以及引入代表人制度等,以保护合作作品中各共有著作权人合法权益。以上措施有助于提高法律的适用性和可操作性,减少因法律模糊性导致的争议。
  • dc.description.abstract
  • The exercise rules of joint copyright in cooperative works refer to the legal norms and practical principles of how the joint copyright owner exercises his rights in accordance with the law under the legal framework of cooperative works. The purpose of the rules is to balance the rights and obligations between the joint copyright owners, to ensure the fair use and value realization of the works, and to prevent the abuse of rights or the damage of interests. With the development of social economy, the number of cooperative works is increasing, and new problems and disputes are emerging. However, the current situation of the judicial practice of the joint copyright rules in the joint works is not optimistic. Article 9 of the regulations for the implementation of the copyright law of the People's Republic of China, which came into effect in 2013, and Article 14, paragraph 2, of the copyright law of the People's Republic of China, which came into effect in 2021, although it provides some legal reference for the way in which the joint copyright owners exercise their rights in cooperative works, the rules are still unclear, as a result, the courts in different places have different understandings of the rules on the exercise of joint copyright in cooperative works, and then there are differences in their application in practice, resulting in inconsistent results in cases of the same nature, the confused situation of judicial application. In order to clarify the application of the rule, promote judicial unification and improve judicial credibility, this paper starts from the basic theory of the rule of joint copyright exercise in cooperative works, and based on its theoretical origin, analyzes the application of the rule of joint copyright exercise in cooperative works, tracing its historical evolution, this paper explores the existence and development process of the rule, and then systematically analyzes the existing judicial dilemma of the application of the rule in China, and sorts out the application of the rule abroad, in order to perfect the rules of the more targeted response to the proposed measures. Specifically, this article is divided into four parts: Introduction, conclusion, references and epilogue:The first part analyzes the basic theory of the exercise rules of joint copyright in joint works in detail. This part makes the foundation qualitative for the article question research. First of all, this paper discusses the theoretical origin of the rule of joint copyright in our country, including the concept of “Joint copyright system” in civil law, and extends it to the field of copyright law, emphasizing the balance and protection of the interests of all parties, reduce disputes and conflicts among co-owners. Secondly, it sorts out the legal provisions on the rules of joint copyright exercise in cooperative works from Article 11 of the implementation regulations of the copyright law in 1991 to Article 14 of the copyright law in 2020, studying its development and changes from the perspective of historical evolution lays a theoretical foundation for the following analysis of the difficulties encountered in the exercise of common copyright rules in cooperative works in judicial practice over the years. In the second part, by citing a large number of judicial cases in our country, the author analyzes the judicial dilemma of the rule of joint copyright exercise in our country's cooperative works. First of all, there is a big controversy about whether “Consultation” is a necessary procedure. In practice, courts in different places have different understandings of whether consultation is a necessary procedure. In academia, there are also “Necessary procedure theory” and “Non-necessary procedure theory”. There are different views in academic and practical circles, which lead to different judgments and judicial disorder. Secondly, on the issue of the arbitrariness of the definition of “Legitimate reason”, neither the legal provisions nor judicial practice has clarified the meaning of “Legitimate reason”, this makes it difficult for the court to consider the factor of “Just Cause” in a specific case. In addition, the ambiguity about the “Standing to sue” of the co-copyright owner has also triggered extensive discussion, due to the lack of clear standing to sue and procedural provisions, the path of safeguarding rights is relatively vague, therefore, it impedes the effective implementation of the law. The third part summarizes the extraterritorial experience of the exercise rules of joint copyright in cooperative works, and puts forward and compares the modes of the exercise rules of joint copyright in cooperative works in foreign countries, for our country this rule consummation provides certain reference. Firstly, this paper summarizes the two main modes of “Negotiation” procedure in the world, namely “Negotiation must go through mode” and “Free exercise mode” Then it analyzes the scope of “Just cause” in Japanese judicial practice, and finally compares the provisions on whether some joint copyright owners have separate standing to sue in other countries. By integrating the experience of other countries, we can form the rules of joint copyright in the joint works which are suitable for China's national conditions.The fourth part integrates the above research and analysis, and puts forward the improvement path for the existing judicial dilemma. It is suggested that the application of “Consultation” procedure in judicial practice should strictly abide by the legal provisions, and the “Legitimate reasons” that can exclude the consultation procedure should be flexibly identified and not mechanically copied from the legal provisions; By implementing the principle of good faith and judicial interpretation, absorbing the experience of other countries, enriching and improving the identification standard of our country, and clarifying the connotation of “Legitimate reason”, to provide a relative reference range for judges to exercise their discretion; to determine the standing of other joint copyright owners to Sue, that is, to stipulate under what circumstances a joint copyright owner may file a separate lawsuit, and the introduction of a representative system to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the joint copyright owners in the joint works. The above measures will help improve the applicability and Operability of the law and reduce disputes caused by legal ambiguity.
  • dc.date.issued
  • 2025-05-28
  • dc.date.oralDefense
  • 2025-05-18
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